DATA TRANSMISSION:

BASICS &
TERMINOLOGIES
SOMADITYA SINGH
BTECH/10001/19
CSE SECTION – B
DCCN - IT 301
 Data Transmission
Data transmission refers to the process of transferring data between two or more digital devices
over a communication medium. Data is transmitted from one device to another in analog or digital
format. Basically, data transmission enables devices or components within devices to speak to each
other through various manners such as point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and multipoint-to-
multipoint environment.
 How does it take place?
It occurs when a source such as a
phone, sends a data object or file to
one or multiple recipient devices. The
digital data originates from the source
device in the form of discrete signals or
digital bit streams. These data
streams/signals are placed over a
communication medium, such as
physical copper wires, wireless carriers
and optical fiber, for delivery to the
destination/recipient device.
Methods of Transmitting Data: Serial

• Data bits are organized in a specific order, since they can only be sent one after another. It is viewed as a reliable data
transmission method because a data bit is only sent if the previous data bit has already been received. In this way,
data bits are received in-sync with one another. Its normally used for long-distance data transfer or for sending small
amounts of data.
• Asynchronous Serial Transmission
Data bits can be sent at any point in time. The time between sending and receiving data bits is not constant, so gaps
are used to provide time between transmissions.
• Synchronous Serial Transmission
Data bits are transmitted as a continuous stream in time with a master clock. The data transmitter and receiver both
operate using a synchronized clock frequency which allows for faster transmission and less errors.
 Methods of Transmitting Data: Parallel

• Multiple data bits are transmitted over multiple channels at the same time. This means that data can be sent
much faster than using serial transmission methods.
• Although parallel transmission can transfer data faster, it requires more transmission channels than serial
transmission. This means that data bits can be out of sync, depending on transfer distance and how fast each bit
loads. A simple of example of where this can be seen is when there is skipping or interference on a video stream.
• Its used in cases when a large amount of data is being sent or when the data being sent is time-sensitive and
needs to be sent quickly.
 Transmission Media
• Guided media: Waves are guided along a physical path - twisted pair, optical fiber,
coaxial cable
• Unguided media: Waves are not guided - air waves, radio
Transmission Medium
Properties
 Transmission Modes
• Simplex transmission: one
direction, e.g. television
• Half duplex transmission: either
direction, but only one way at a
time, e.g. police radio
• Full duplex transmission: both
directions at the same time, e.g.
telephone
 Drawbacks of Data Transmission
• Signal received may differ from signal transmitted
• Analog signal - degradation of signal quality
• Digital signal - bit errors
• Attenuation: The strength of a signal falls off with distance
• Delay distortion: The velocity of propagation of a signal through a guided medium
varies with frequency.
• Noise – Thermal noise or White noise
• Crosstalk: when there is an unwanted coupling between signal paths
• Impulse noise
THANK YOU !