PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE 1

HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN
ORGANIZATION

MEMBERS
• Kristel May Abat • Altheia Ihra Abellera • Anrielyn Joyce Dayrit • Michaella Jean De Leon
 LEARNING
OUTCOME:
• Define communication
• Identify and discuss the importance of communication
• Enumerate and explain the communication process
• Appreciate the basic methods of interpersonal communication
• Enumerate and explain the functions of communication
• Identify the different barriers of communication
• Know and appreciate the flow communication
• Be able to know the ways and means on how to improve
communication in the organization
 Communication
Communication
• The transfer of information including feelings and ideas from one person to
another.

• Transfer process, is affect by a number of factors that either help or hinder the
message.
 ImportanceofofCommunication
Importance Communication

Through communication individual members of the organization will know

important concerns such as:
1. What their organization is
2. What objectives their organization wants to achieve
3. what their roles are in achieving the organization’s objectives
4. How they will achieve those objectives
5. who the individual members of the organization are
 • Through communication the organization can relate with its
external environment which include customers, suppliers,
competitors and the government.

• Communication is essential for the coordination of business but

the communication must be made effective.
 TheCommunication
The Communication
Process
Process
 ENVIRONMENT

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ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

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SENDER RECEIVER
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FEEDBACK
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ENVIRONMENT
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
 ENVIRONMENT
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FEEDBACK
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ENVIRONMENT
 ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

M M CHANNEL
SENDER RECEIVER
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ENVIRONMENT
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

TheSender
The Sender Communication source

The purpose of communication

The idea to be conveyed in a communication event
TheMessage
The Message a) Thought or conceptual
b) The feeling or emotional

The medium through which the message travels

TheChannel
The Channel a) Formal
b) informal
COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

TheReceiver
The Receiver Person receiving the message

TheFeedback
The Feedback Process communicating how one feels about the message

TheEnvironment
The Environment The circumstance

TheNoise
The Noise Anything that disrupts communication
 BasicMethods
Basic MethodsofofInterpersonal
Interpersonal
Communication
Communication
• Interpersonal Communication is the process and practice by which people
exchange information, ideas and even experiences

• It is very helpful in workplace where we need to interact with different types of

people
 VERBAL

WRITTEN METHODS

NON-VERBAL
Basic Methods of Interpersonal Communication

VerbalCommunication
Verbal Communication
• It is organized by language or use of words to convey a message

• Major means of sending messages. It includes one-on-one

meetings, speeches, presentation and the like.

• The delivery of verbal communication is quick and it provides the

opportunity for a quick feedback. With feedbacks, early
correction of error is made possible
• Verbal Communication is the appropriate method if the sender wants:
1. Wants to appear informal
2. Wants to invite suggestions and ideas which are more likely to spark off a
discussion
3. Is explaining something complex and people might need to ask for clarification
4. Has important news to impact
5. Feels he will be more effective face-to-face than in writing
6. Has something highly confidential to say and putting it in writing is risky
• Verbal Communication is not the appropriate method when the
sender:
1. Wants to maintain formality or distance from the other person or a group of
people
2. Wants a permanent record of what has been said
3. Needs receiver’s comments to in writing for legal reasons
4. Wants to avoid further discussion of the subject
Basic Methods of Interpersonal Communication

WrittenCommunication
Written Communication

• Process of conveying a message through written signs or

symbols
• A written message may be printed or hand written
• Message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo,
instant message
• The advantage of written communication are:
• It is formal and authoritative • Useful in communicating something complicated

• Provides permanent record of what have been said • Sometimes quicker

• Provides document useful for legal purposes • Avoids a lengthy discussion

• Number or people will receive exactly the same • Words can be chosen carefully
information

• Written communication is not appropriate when:

• The receiver needs to ask question or seek
clarification
• More discussion is needed before facts are
established
• A friendly and informal atmosphere is needed
• The message is very important
• The message is confidential
• Th information may be upsetting to the receiver
Basic Methods of Interpersonal Communication

Non-verbalCommunication
Non-verbal Communication

• It is the transmission of message or signals through a

nonverbal platform such as facial expression, eye contact,
body movements and other gestures.

• This type of communication reveals what the sender really

mean or thinking
 COMMONLY ACCEPTED INTERPRETATIONS OF VARIOUS FORMS OF BODY LANGUAGE

BODY LANGUAGE INTERPRETATION

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
Frown Displeasure, unhappiness
Smile Friendliness, happiness
Raised eyebrow Disbelief, amazement
Narrowed eyes, pursed lips Anger
GESTURES
Pointing finger Authority, displeasure, lecturing
Folded arms Not open to change, preparing to speak
Arms at side Open to suggestions, relaxed
Hands uplifted outward Disbelief, puzzlement, uncertainty

BODY POSTURES
Fidgeting, doodling Boredom
Hands on hips Anger, defensiveness
Shrugging shoulders Indifference
Squared stance of shoulders Problem solving
EYE CONTACT
Glancing Interest
Steady Active listening, interest, seduction

FIDGETING, BITING LIP, nervousness

SHIFTING, JINGLING MONEY
 Functions of Communication
Functions of Communication
• Information • Control Function
Function

• Motivation Function • Emotive Function

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

InformationFunction
Information Function

•  Information provided through communication may be used in

decision- making at various work levels in the organization

For example:
A machine operator’s job is to produce a certain number of units of a product given a
certain quantity of supplies and materials. Before he proceeds on requisitioning the
necessary materials and supplies, he needs to know the quantity of finished products
his supervisor wants him to produce.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

MotivationFunction
Motivation Function

• Communication is also used as a means to motivate employees

to commit themselves to the organization’s objectives

• Communication fosters motivation by clarifying to employees

what they must do, how well they are doing it, and how they can
improve if performance is subpar. Communication motivates
and persuades individuals to meet the mutually agreed-upon
goals.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

ControlFunction
Control Function

• Communication clarifies duties, authority, and responsibilities,

thereby permitting control. If through effective communication,
the worker is informed om what exactly he/she is expected to
do, the information alone is enough for the worker to check if
he/she is performing as expected.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

EmotiveFunction
Emotive Function

• Communication permits the expression of feelings and the

satisfaction of social needs.

• For many employees, their work group is a primary source for

social interaction. The communication that takes place within
the group is a fundamental mechanism by which members
show their frustration and feelings of satisfaction
 BasicGoals
Basic GoalsofofEffective
EffectiveCommunication
Communication

• Communication is not just about transferring message from one

person to another. In organizations, communication must be made
effective. Being effective, however, is not an end but rather a
means to an end.
• Effective communication is really a way to achieve certain goals
which consist of the following:

1. to gain goodwill
2. to inquire
3. to inform
4. to persuade

• It can be expected that when communication goals are achieved,

accomplishing the organizational objectives will be a matter of
course.
 BarrierstotoCommunication
Barriers Communication

1. filtering 6. communication
2. selective perception 7. absence of feedback
3. information overload 8. physical separation
4. emotions 9. lack of credibility of the sender
5. language
 Filtering refers to the manipulation of information so that is will be
1. FILTERING seen more favorably by the receiver. Telling what the boss wants to
hear is filtering.

Receivers selectively see and hear messages based on their needs,

2. SELECTIVE
motivations, experience, background, and other personal
PERCEPTION characteristics. For instance, a person who has limited exposure to
recruitment will find it difficult to actively listen to a lecture on current
hiring practices.

Information overload refers to the condition in which information inflow

3. INFORMATION exceeds an individual’s processing capacity. When this happens, the
OVERLOAD person is no longer able to understand clearly whatever information is
sent to him.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
 The receiver’s feelings affect his ability to understand any message
sent to him. He cannot receive a message as clearly as when he is
4. EMOTIONS not angry, excited, or afraid. For instance, when a person is stricken
with grief, it cannot be expected that he will be able to absorb the
details of a project presented to him.

Words do not always mean the same thing to different people. This
poses a barrier to communication. The best thing to do when
5. LANGUAGE
delivering a message is that the sender must use words that are
commonly used by the audience. This will facilitate communication.

Communication apprehension refers to the undue tension and

6. COMMUNICATION anxiety about oral communication, written communication, or
APPREHENSION both. There are people who find it extremely difficult tot talk with
others face-to-face or even carry a telephone conversation.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
 Feedback is an essential component of effective communication.
When feedback is received by the sender, he can make some
7. ABSENCE OF clarification if he thinks the receiver did not clearly understand what
FEEDBACK the sender means. The absence of feedback does not provide the
sender the opportunity to correct misimpressions about the message
sent.

Physical separation refers to interferences to effective

communication occurring in the environment where the
communication is undertaken. These are actually physical barriers
8. PHYSICAL which include the following:
SEPARATION 1. distance between people;
2. walls;
3. an office that is not conductive to communication;
4. an intimidating person posted…near the door; or
5. wrong timing.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
 Depending on the credibility of the sender, messages can get
9. LACK OF through the channel to the receiver. If the sender has low credibility,
CREDIBILITY OF THE the message, even if it gets through, will likely be ignored. This is a
SENDER type of barrier that should be overcome by the leaders of
organizations.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
 KindsofofCommunication
Kinds CommunicationFlow
Flow
KINDS OF COMMUNICATION FLOW

DownwardCommunication
Downward Communication

- Refers to message flows from higher levels to lower levels.

Purposes: Techniques:
1. To give instructions 1. Letters, meetings, and the
2. To provide information about telephone or cell phone
policies and procedures 2. Manuals
3. To give feedback about 3. Handbooks
performances 4. Newsletters
4. To indoctrinate or motivate
KINDS OF COMMUNICATION FLOW

UpwardCommunication
Upward Communication

- Refers to messages from persons in lower level positions to persons in higher positions.

Purposes: Techniques:
1. To provide feedback to 1. Performance reports
higher-ups 2. Suggestion systems
2. To inform higher-ups of 3. Informal gripe sessions
progress towards goals 4. Open-door policy
3. To relay current problems 5. Exit interviews
KINDS OF COMMUNICATION FLOW

HorizontalCommunication
Horizontal Communication

- Refers to messages sent to individuals or groups from another of the same

organizational level or position.
Purposes: Techniques:
1. To coordinate activities 1. Memos
between departments 2. Telephones or cell phones
2. To persuade others at the 3. Picnics
same level of organization 4. Dinners and other social
3. To pass on information about affairs
activities or feelings
 The areas of concern in message flows
The areas of concern in message flows

DOWNWARD
INTERPRET
COMMUNICATION UPWARD
COMMUNICATION
• Implementation of goal,
strategies, objectives • Problems and exceptions
• Job instructions and rationale • Suggestions for improvement
• Procedures and practices • Performance reports
• Indoctrination • Grievance and disputes
• Financial and accounting
INFLUENCE information

COORDINATION

HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
• Intradepartmental problem solving
• Interdepartmental coordination
• Staff advice to the departments
 ImprovingCommunication
Improving CommunicationininOrganization
Organization
 TIPS:

1. The message should be improved so it could

be easily understood.

2. The receiver must improve his skill in

understanding the messages sent to him.
End of Presentation