INTRODUCTION TO ORAL COMMUNICATION

ORALCOM

ORALCOM
INTRODUCTION TO ORAL COMMUNICATION
 Communication

qSellnow (2005), in her book Confident Public

Speaking: “the process of sending and
receiving verbal and non-verbal messages to
create shared meaning.
qLatin word “communicare”-to share/to
impart
qProcess by which a speaker conveys his/her
message to a listener
qNon-static activity
 Oral Communication

qType of communication distinct from

written, refers to the exchange of thoughts
between two or more persons through the
use of spoken words.
qFace-to-face or through electrical device
Importance
1. Lawyers interview clients and speak
in court
2. Medical practitioners work with
patients
3. Teachers face students
4. Ministers preach
5. Social workers counsel
6. Relationships
7. Success
Importance
• Ronald Adler in “Communicating At
Work”
– survey conducted in University of
Minnesota
1. Oral Communication
2. Written communication
3. Time management
David Berlo’s Model of Communication
• SMCRN model
• Four C’s:
• Communicators
• Code
• Channel
• Context
Elements of Communication
Sender
• Conveys a message, oral or written
• Organizes his/her utterances
• Encoding
Elements of Communication
Message
• Idea, feeling, opinion or belief
• Verbal, non-verbal, graphic
Elements of Communication
Channel
• Medium
• Oral, written, graphic
Elements of Communication
Receiver
• Listener
• Proficiency in the language
• Enough background knowledge
about the matter
• Openness to another person’s
thoughts and feelings
• Decoding
Elements of Communication
Noise
• Obstructs the understanding of a
message
• Physical
• Internal
• Physiological
• Psychological
• Semantic
• Distraction
• Differences in the use of code
• Emphasis
• Attitude towards the sender
Communication
• ONE-WAY
• Public speech
• Storytelling
• Announcement
Communication
• TWO-WAY
• Conversation
• Discussion
• Interview
Communication
• Feedback
• Cellphone vs face-to-face communication
• Communication breakdown
• Misunderstanding/miscommunication
 I need to see you.

I need to see you. =)

Communication Process

qRefers to the steps through which communication

takes place between the sender and the receiver
Nature of Communication
• What is a friend? What’s on your mind? How do
you feel?

• Complicated because of social networking sites

• Thousands of people become “friends”

• Advantage of face-to-face communication

• How do they know who they can trust?
Relational Development

• Knapp and Vangelisti (2000)

Stage 1: Initiating
Stage 2: Experimenting
Stage 3: Intensifying
Stage 4: Integrating
Stage 5: Bonding
Relational Deterioration

• Stage 1: Differentiating
• Stage 2: Circumscribing
• Stage 3: Stagnating
• Stage 4: Avoiding
• Stage 5: Terminating
7 Forms of Oral Communication
1. Intrapersonal communication
2. Interpersonal communication
3. Small group communication
4. Public communication
5. Mass communication
6. Corporate communication
7. Intercultural communication
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION
PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
MASS COMMUNICATION
CORPORATE COMMUNICATION
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
7 Forms of Oral Communication
1. Intrapersonal communication (self-talk: internal
discourse and solo vocal communication)
2. Interpersonal communication (impersonal or
personal level)
3. Small group communication (comprising 5 to 10
people)
4. Public communication (involving a few, to
thousands, to millions)
5. Mass communication (communication through
media, films, radio, videos, TV, online)
6. Corporate communication (takes place among
members of an organization)
7. Intercultural communication (between people of
diverse cultures and ethnicity)