WORK, ENERGY,

and ENERGY
CONSERVATION
Presented By:
HEZIL MAE Z.
MANCAO
 Introduction
You have been introduced to the concepts of work,
power, and energy in Junior High Physics. What can
you recall from your lessons then?
● What is Work?
● What is Energy?
● What is Power?
 Introduction
WORK –in physics is a specific quantity resulting
from a force that causes something to move a certain
distance; or more technically, the scalar product of
force and displacement.
 Introduction
● ENERGY – the ability to do work.

● POWER –the rate at which work is done

DOT PRODUCT
Dot product is the primary operation
used in the concept of work and
energy.
● In the previous lessons, you have
learned to add or subtract vectors. Although comprised of vector
Now, you are going to multiply
factors, a dot product yields a scalar
vectors and solve for the dot
product.
quantity; hence, it is also known as
the scalar product.
DOT PRODUCT Graphically, the angle between the vectors will help tell if
the dot product is negative, positive, or zero. We can
imagine it as the “projection” of one vector on another.
● To understand it better, take a look at
the illustration

  ● Consider vectors and .

● The dot product can be solved using the
components of the vectors involved, as
shown in the figure above.
DOT PRODUCT Graphically, the angle between the vectors will help tell if
the dot product is negative, positive, or zero. We can
imagine it as the “projection” of one vector on another.
● To understand it better, take a look at
the illustration

  ● Consider vectors and .

● The dot product can be solved using the
components of the vectors involved, as
shown in the figure above.
 Thus,

DOT PRODUCT
Where:

●
● In
  determining the dot product, we draw the
vectors with the tails on the same point.

The dot product can also be generalized to three

dimensions by considering the vector components.

● This means that the dot product is the product of

the magnitude of , multiplied by the magnitude
of , then multiplied by the cosine of the angle
between and .
 The only terms with similar unit vectors will remain as

DOT PRODUCT
●
And the dot product as
● The
  unit vectors î,ĵ,and all have magnitude 1 and are
perpendicular to one another. The dot product of the
vectors have the following special properties:

● This means that we get the product of the and .

DOT PRODUCT
WORK
● Which of the following illustrates a work done?
WORK
● Work is defined as the product of
force and a displacement that is
along the direction of the force. In
the previous illustrations, only the
ones in Column A exemplify work
done, because if any between the
force and displacement is absent,
work is also absent.
WORK
● In the first example in Column B,
there is no work done because
although the girl is pushing a cart,
the cart does not move; hence, there
is no displacement. In the third
example in Column B, there is
neither force nor displacement;
hence, no work is done.
WORK ● Since work is the product of
force and displacement, what we
● Mathematically, work is defined as get in obtaining its dot product
follows: is a scalar quantity; therefore,
work is scalar.
WORK
● To illustrate computing work as dot product, consider pushing a sofa chair as an example.

The direction of the force in pushing the sofa is the same as the direction of its displacement.
 N•m stands for
“Newton-meter.” Since
the SI unit for work is
Joule (J), we have to
convert the value of
N•m to J. One N•m is
equal to 1J.

● Notice that the direction of the exerted force and the displacement from
the initial position are in the same direction. In this case, we say that the
angle between the force and the displacement is zero. Getting the cos 0
will give a value of 1,which makes the equation:

● This means that if the directions of force and displacement are the same,
we only need to multiply the magnitudes of the force and displacement to
get the value of work. If we consider the force to be 20 N and the
displacement of the sofa is 2m,we simply substitute the values to get:
WORK
● Now consider a toy truck being dragged to the right and is acted on by a force at an angle with respect
to the horizontal movement. How do were present the work done by the force on the truck?

For this case, work done follows the

more general expression:
WORK
● Now consider a bayong being carried by a mother shopping in the market. The bayong is carried along
horizontally while the force exerted is upward.

Notice that in this case, the angle between

the force and the displacement is 90°.
Utilizing our equation for work, we get:

(90)

However large the magnitude of the force and displacement are, the work done would still be
zero.