LAW OF

EXPONENTS
LEONCIO JR. REY

GELLY ANN AQUINO

MELHER
PAJO
CHRISTIAN
ARE YOU READY?
CONTENTS OF THE REPORT
 EXPONE
NT
 HISTORY OF
EXPONENT
 LAW OF
EXPONENTS
 OBJECTIV
ES:
After the discussion, the students can be able to:

● Learned the history of exponent

● Define exponent
● Generalized the content of the exponent concepts
● Learned the law of exponents
● Actively participate in the discussion
 BRIEF HISTORY OF
EXPONENTS
● The word itself comes from Latin, expo, meaning out of, and
ponere, meaning place. While the word exponent came to
mean different things, the first recorded modern use of
exponent in mathematics was in a book called "Arithemetica
Integra," written in 1544 by English author and
mathematician Michael Stifel. But he was working simply
with a base of two, so the exponent 3 would mean the
number of 2s you would need to multiply to get 8. It would
look like this 2³=8.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF
EXPONENTS
● The way Stifel would say it is kind of backwards
when compared to the way we think about it today.
He would say "3 is the 'setting out' of 8." Today, we
would refer the equation simply as 2 cubed.
Remember, he was working exclusively with a base
or factor of 2 and translating from Latin a little more
literally than we do today.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FEATURES
01 OUR 02 OF THE
OVERVIEW TOPIC
. LAW OF
. EXPONENT AND
BASE
EXPONENTS
OUR
03 ASSIGNME 04 ABOUT
NT THE TOPIC
. APPLICATION
. CALCULATING
REGARDING LAW OF AND
EXPONENTS MEASUREMENT
What is the Earliest Exponent look
like
 “Perfect numbers like
perfect men are very rare.” 
- Rene Descartes
 01.
OUR
OVERVIEW
 INTRODUC
TION

What is exponent?
Exponents are used to show
repeated multiplication of a
number by itself
What is exponent?
● For example, 7 × 7 × 7 can be represented as 73.
Here, the exponent is ‘3’ which stands for the
number of times the number 7 is multiplied. 7 is
the base here which is the actual number that is
getting multiplied. So basically exponents or
powers denotes the number of times a number can
be multiplied. If the power is 2, that means the
base number is multiplied two times with itself.
Examples:

● 34 = 3×3×3×3
● 105 =
10×10×10×10×10
● 163 = 16 × 16 × 16
What are the types of exponent?
 LAW OF
EXPONENTS
DEFINITIO
N
 These are the rules or laws which are very helpful in
simplifying expression
 The laws of exponents simplify the multiplication and
division operations and help to solve the problems easily.
 All the rules of exponents are used to solve many
mathematical problems which involve repeated
multiplication processes.
 
 THE LAW
OF
EXPONENTS
 PRODUCT RULE OF
EXPONENT
a ×a  = a
m n m+n
● The word product means to multiply. The product rule of
exponents helps us remember what we do when two numbers
with exponents are multiplied together

Qualification for the product rule:

Bases must be the same. If the bases are the same, then the product
rule says that you add the exponents.
EXAMPLE
S:
● 23 ⋅ 24 = 23+4 = 27 =
2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅2 = 128, the
base is the same (2),
adding 3 and 4 as the
exponent resulting 7 then
evaluate.

• 32 ⋅ 42 = (3⋅4)2 = 122 =

12⋅12 = 144
Characteristics of a
Good Measure of
Dispersion
 It should be easy to calculate and
simple to understand.
 It should be based on all the
observations of the series.
 It should be rigidly defined.
 It should not be affected by extreme
values.
 It should not be unduly affected by
sampling fluctuations.
 It should be capable of further
mathematical treatment and
statistical analysis.
 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS
STANDARD
RANGE VARIANCE
DEVIATION
It is the simplest The square root of the The average of the
method of arithmetic average of the squares of the distance
measurement of square of the deviations each value is from the
dispersion and defines measured from the mean.  mean
the difference between
the largest and the
smallest item in a
given distribution
Types of Measures of Dispersion

ABSOLUTE RELATIVE
MEASURES MEASURES
 Relative measures of dispersion are
Absolute measures of obtained as ratios or percentages of
dispersion are the average.
expressed in the unit  These are also known as coefficients
of variable itself, like of dispersion.
 These are pure numbers or
kilograms, rupees, percentages that are totally
centimeters, marks, independent of the units of
What are the objectives of computing
dispersion?
(1) Comparative study
● Measures of dispersion give a single value indicating the degree of consistency or
uniformity of distribution. This single value helps us in making comparisons of
various distributions.
● The smaller the magnitude (value) of dispersion, higher is the consistency or
uniformity and vice-versa.
(2) Reliability of an average
● A small value of dispersion means low variation between observations and average.
It means that the average is a good representative of observation and very reliable.
● A higher value of dispersion means greater deviation among the observations. In
this case, the average is not a good representative and it cannot be considered
reliable.
What are the objectives of computing
dispersion?
(3) Control the variability
● Different measures of dispersion provide us data of variability from
different angles, and this knowledge can prove helpful in controlling the
variation.
● Especially in the financial analysis of business and medicine, these
measures of dispersion can prove very useful.
(4) Basis for further statistical analysis
● Measures of dispersion provide the basis for further statistical analysis like
computing correlation, regression, test of hypothesis, etc.
Another definition:
Steps in solving Range
●Arrange the in ascending order
(lowest to highest)
●Subtract the lowest data to the
highest data.
Example:
ANOTHER EXAMPLE:
NOTE:
STEPS IN CALCULATING
STANDARD DEVIATION
EXAMPLE 1
EXAMPLE 2:
STEPS IN SOLVING VARIANCE
● Step 1: Find the mean.
● Step 2: Find each score's deviation from the
mean.
● Step 3: Square each deviation from the mean.
● Step 4: Find the sum of squares.
● Step 5: Divide the sum of squares by n – 1 or N.
Why does variance matter?
Variance matters for two main reasons:

● Parametric statistical tests are sensitive to variance.

● Comparing the variance of samples helps you assess

group differences
EXAMPLE
ANOTHER EXAMPLE:
SUMMARY
THA
NK
YOU!