APPLICATIONS OF DEMUX

APPLICATIONS OF DEMUX

 DEMUX
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  ItItisisused
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1.SECURITY
1.SECURITYMONITORING
MONITORINGSYSTEM
SYSTEM

DEMUX is used in industrial plant where

open/close status of many access doors are to
be monitored.
 Each door controls state of the switch and
it is necessary to display the state of each
switch on LEDs mounted on the monitoring
panel at the security guard station.
 Cont…..
• Instead of running separate signals from each
door to each LEDs over a long distance which
needs many wires and costing we need to use
MUX and DEMUX together in a monitoring
panel.
• Although we can monitor more doors, in our
presentation we consider 1-line to 8-line
DEMUX.
 Cont……

switch

Door 0

switch
switch

Door Door
6 7
Door 7
Figure 1:Security monitoring systm
 Cont…..
In above security monitoring circuit:-
 The eight door switches are the input data to the MUX.
 They produce a HIGH when a door is open and a LOW
when a door is closed.
 The select inputs are provided to the MUX and DEMUX
by MOD-8 counter on the remote monitoring panel
 Each DEMUX output is connected to indicator LEDs
that will be ON when the output is low.
 Cont…

• The clock pulse applied to the counter will

cause the select input to sequence through 000
to 111.
• At each number of the counter the switch
status for the door of the same number will be
inverted by MUX and passed to MUX’s output.
• Then the inverted output of the MUX is fed to
the DEMUX input.
• The DEMUX then passes to the corresponding
LED.
 Cont…..
• For example:- let us say the counter is at 110(6) and
while the counter is in this state let door 6 be closed.
• The LOW at I6 will pass through the MUX and be
inverted to produce HIGH at the output.
• This HIGH will pass to DEMUX then O6 output of
DEMUX such that the corresponding LED 6 will be
OFF.
• As the counter is clocked through its eight states the
LEDs will sequentially indicates the status of the 8
doors
 2.COMMUNICATION
2.COMMUNICATIONSYSTEM
SYSTEM
• Most of the communication systems are bidirectional i.e. they
send and receive data both ways (transmitting and receiving
signals).

• Communication system use multiplexer to carry multiple data

like audio, video and other form of data using a single line for
transmission.
• DEMUX jointly with MUX is used in communication system to
carry out the process of data transmission.
• A DUMUX receives the output signals from the multiplexer
and at the receiver end it converts them back to the original
signal.
Figure 2: DEMUX in communication
 Cont……..
• As you can see from above figure many
information are flowing to MUX from many
source and of these a single information is
selected as an output at a specified time
interval and go to DEMUX input.
• Then the DEMUX distributes to original signal.
Cont…..
 3.SERIAL
3.SERIALTO
TOPARALLEL
PARALLELCONVERSION
CONVERSION

• A serial to parallel converter is used for

reconstructing parallel data from incoming serial
data stream.
• In this technique, serial data from the incoming
serial data stream is given as data input to the
demultiplexer at the regular intervals.
• A counter is attach to the control input of the
demultiplexer.
 Cont…..
• This counter directs the data signal to the
output of the demultiplexer where these data
signals are stored. When all data signals have
been stored, the output of the demultiplexer
can be retrieved and read out in parallel.
 1

1
D
E Parallel
Serial 0
11010001 M receiving
Sending 1
U system
source serial data X
0
0
0
1

S1S2 S3
APPLICATIONS OF COUNTER
APPLICATIONS OF COUNTER
 1.1.DIGITAL
DIGITALCLOCK
CLOCK

One of the most important applications of

counter is DIGITAL CLOCK– the time clock
which displays time day in hours, minute and
seconds also the date of the year as months
and days.
•

0-1 0-9 0-5 0-9 0-5 0-9

 MOD-2 BCD

Figure 2: the hour section in detail

 Cont……
 A 60HZ signal is sent to a schmitt-trigger to
convert to a square pulse at a rate of 60pps
and this pulse is sent to 60-MOD counter to
divide the 60pps into 1pps.
 The 1pps is fed to the SECOND section of the
digital clock as showed in above diagram.
 Cont…..
 The BCD counter advances one count per second.
 After 9 seconds the counter recycles to 0 which
triggers the MOD-6 counter and causes to
advances one count.
 This continues for 59 seconds at which point the
MOD-6 counter is at 101(5) and the BCD counter
is at 1001(9) which means 59 seconds.
 The next pulse recycles the BCD counter to 0
which in turn recycles the MOD-6 counter to 0.
 Cont………

 The output of the MOD-6 counter in the second

section has a frequency of 1ppm(the MOD-6 recycles
every 60 seconds).

 This signal is fed to MINUTES section which counts 0-

59 minute and this section operates exactly similar to
the second section.
 The output of the MOD-6 counter in the minute
section has frequency of 1pph(MOD-6 recycles every
60 minute).
 This signal is then fed to the HOURS section and this
section works little bit different from that of seconds
and minutes.
 Cont…..
 The above circuitry diagram shows the HOUR section
in detail.
 This section includes BCD counter to count the hour
units and single flip-flop(MOD-2 counter) to count the
tens of the hour.
 The incoming pulse from minutes section will advance
the BCD counter once per hour.
 When the BCD counter is at 1001(9) and another
pulse is applied the counter recycles to 0000 at which
the last flip-flop will be toggle and out put X is HIGH.
 Cont…..

 This produces a numerical 1 on the X and

numerical 0 at BCD displays so that the
combination of the two display shows “10” o’clock.
 The next two pulse advances the BCD counter to
display “11” and “12” o’clock.
 The next pulse advances the BCD to 011(3), but at
this time the counter’s Q1 and Q0 are both HIGH
and so is X so that the NAND gate goes low and
activates the CLEAR and PL of the BCD.
 This CLEAR X to 0 and PRESET BCD to 0001.
 2.FREQUENCY
2.FREQUENCYCOUNTER
COUNTER

 A frequency counter is a circuit that can measure and

display the frequency of a signal.
 The counter is driven by the output of an AND gate.
 The AND gate inputs are input pulses with unknown
frequency , fx , and a sample pulse that controls the time
through which the pulses are allowed to pass through the
AND gate into the counter.
 The counter is usually made up of cascaded BCD counters,
and the decoder/display unit converts the BCD outputs
into a decimal display for easy monitoring.
 Cont….

 The sample pulse goes HIGH from t1 to t2; this is

called the sampling interval.
 During this sampling interval the unknown
frequency pulses will pass through the AND gate
and will be counted by the counter. After t2 the
AND gate output becomes LOW and the counter
stops counting.
 Thus the counter counts the number of pulses that
occur during the sampling interval. This is a direct
measure of the frequency of the pulse waveform.
Cont…….
 Cont….

 The accuracy of this method depends almost entirely on the

duration of the sampling interval, which must be very accurately
controlled.
 A crystal controlled oscillator is used to generate a very accurate
100 kHz waveform, which is shaped into square pulses and fed
to a series of decade counters that are being used to
successively divide this 100 kHz frequency by 10.
 The frequencies at the output of each decade counter are as
accurate (percentage wise) as the crystal frequency.
 These decade counters are usually binary or Johnson counters.
 The switch is used to select one of the decade counter output
frequencies to be fed to the clock input of a single flip-flop to be
divided by 2.
 Cont…

Figure: period measurement circuit diagram

 3.MEASUREMENT OF PERIOD
3.MEASUREMENT OF PERIOD
 The principle of operation of the frequency
counter can be modified and applied to the
measurement of period rather than frequency.
 An accurate 1 MHz reference frequency is gated
into the counter/display for time duration equal
to Tx, the period of the signal being measured.
 The counter counts and displays the values of Tx
in units of µ’s. For example, if Tx is 1.17 ms, the
gate will allow 1170 pulses into the counter.
Cont….