Lesson 1.

5
The Role Of The Circulatory
System In The Body Defense
Mechanism

Prepared by:
NUR SUHAIDAH SUKOR
SMK SANDAKAN, SABAH
Introduction to body defense mechanism

• Human constantly invaded by disease causing

microorganisms or pathogens.

• Three lines of defense mechanism in the body:

a) skin and mucous membrane
b) phagocytic white blood cells
c) antibodies
First line of defence: Mechanical Barriers

• Skin and mucous membranes :

– First line of defense
– Physical barrier
– Shedding of dead cells
– Mucus
– Hairs
– Cilia
– Coughing and sneezing, production of tears, saliva,
urine, defecation and vomiting physically remove
harmful substances
The second line of defense: Phagocytic white blood cell

• Phagocytes
– Engulf pathogens, damaged tissue, or dead cells
• Neutrophils
• Macrophages

Video: CD (1) BioF5 – Lesson 10 – Frame 6 (Phagocytosis Process)

Process of Phagocytosis
 The third line of defense: antibodies
• The immune system has two characteristics:
– It is specific
– It has a memory
 Various types of immunity

Active = person makes own antibodies

Passive = person receives antibodies from
someone else
Natural = “just happens”
Artificial = caused by man (often using a
needle)
 • Natural active acquired immunity:
person recovered from diseases
Various types of immunity

• Artificial active acquired immunity:

person is immunized with a vaccine
(harmless pathogens) –rubella, poliomyelitis

•Natural passive acquired immunity:

Baby receives antibodies with mother’s milk -
colostrum

• Artificial passive acquired immunity:

Person receives serum with antibodies
–hepatitis, tetanus
Defence mechanism of the body
 HIV/AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus

Attacks helper T cells
Without production of IL-2, there is no
second signal, and humoral and cell
mediated immunity are shut off.
See increase in rare diseases:
TB, Kaposi sarcoma, etc.
 Hypersensitivity

“The immune system gone bad.”

 The transmission of HIV

• HIV spreads through body fluids

- blood, semen, vaginal fluids and breast milk.
• 4 ways that HIV can be transmitted:
a) sexual intercourse with an infected person
b) contact with blood
c) shared needles and syringes
d) Infected mother to child
-pregnancy, birth, and breast-feeding
Activity (1): Tell what you see..