Math in the

Modern World
Ms. Ma. Luisa E. Raymundo
01
Exponentia 02
Scientific
l Notation Notation
Fraction,
Ratio and
03 Decimal, and 04
Percentage Proportion
 01
Exponential
Notation
Exponential Rules
Exponent
!
An exponent refers to the
number of times a number is
multiplied by itself.
Rules of Exponents
 Product
  Rule

2 4  
35 42  
25 25
(5 ) ( 5 ) (𝑥 )(𝑥 ) (𝑏 ) (𝑏 )
𝟐+𝟒  
𝟑𝟓 +𝟒𝟐  
𝟐 𝟓+𝟐𝟓
¿𝟓  
¿𝒙 ¿𝒃
 
𝟔  
𝟕𝟕  
𝟓𝟎
¿𝟓 ¿𝒙 ¿𝒃
 Quotient
  Rule
15
𝑐
 
  20
9 5
10
2 ÷2   11 26
10 𝑐
𝟗  −𝟓  
𝟐𝟎 −𝟏𝟏  
𝟏𝟓− 𝟐𝟔
¿𝟐 ¿ 𝟏𝟎 ¿𝒄
 
𝟒  
𝟗  
−𝟏𝟏
¿𝟐 ¿ 𝟏𝟎 ¿𝒄
 Power  Rule

7
 

5
(3 ¿ ¿ 6) ¿ 6
(8 ¿ ¿ 8) ¿
 

(h¿¿9) ¿
𝟔  ×𝟓 𝟖× 𝟔  
𝟗× 𝟕
¿𝟑 ¿𝒉
 

¿𝟖
 
𝟑𝟎 𝟒𝟖
 
𝟔𝟑
¿𝟑 ¿𝟖
 

¿𝒉
  
Power of a Product Rule

21
 

(2 𝑎)
 
7  
(𝑐𝑑 ) 9
(𝑚𝑛)
𝟕  𝟕 𝟗 𝟗 𝟐𝟏 𝟐𝟏
¿𝟐 𝒂
   

¿𝒄 𝒅 ¿𝒎 𝒏
  
Power of a Quotient Rule
8 10
𝑚
 
5
9
 
5
( )
2
 
( ) ( )
𝑛 𝑡
𝟓
𝟓  
𝒎 𝟖  
𝟗 𝟏𝟎
¿ 𝟓
  ¿ 𝟖 ¿ 𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝒏 𝒕
  
Zero Exponent

0
 

0
 

99  
0
𝑚 100,000
¿𝟏 ¿𝟏
   

¿𝟏
 
  
Negative Exponent

−10
 

−120
 

7 −2
 
𝑝 10
𝟏  
𝟏
 
𝟏
¿ 𝟐  
¿ 𝟏𝟎 ¿ 𝟏𝟐 𝟎
𝟕 𝒑 𝟏𝟎
 Fractional  Exponent

2
 
10  
13
 3 7 2
8 𝑏 𝑦
3 2  
7 10
 
2 13
¿√8
 
¿√𝑏 ¿√ 𝑦
Simplify

 
02 SCIENTIFIC
NOTATION
Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is a way of
writing very large or very small
numbers.
Scientific Notation
A number is written in scientific
notation when a number between
1 and 10 is multiplied by a
power of 10.
Rules of Scientific Notation
When the number is 10 or greater,
the decimal point has to move to the
left, and the power of 10 is positive.
Rules of Scientific Notation
When the number is smaller than 1,
the decimal point has to move to the
right, so the power of 10 is negative.
 EXAMPLES

 
700   , 000   5326 . 6
4 , 900 ,000
2 9 3
7 × 10 4 .9 × 10 5 .3266 × 10
 
   

 
0 . 00003 0 . 00000056  0 . 0000000126
 

−5 −7 −8
3 × 10 1 .26 × 10
   
5 .6 × 10
 
 EXAMPLES

4 8  
2 . 9× 10
 
8 . 3 × 10 2 . 45 × 1010
 
29 , 000
  830,000,000 24,500,000,000
 
 

9 . 2× 10−5
   
6 . 1× 10 0
1 .33 × 10− 6
 

0 .000092
   
6.1 0.00000133
 
 03
Fraction, Decimal,
and Percentage
 Convert Fraction to Decimal

2  
3  
2  
3
  5 9
5 20 5 20
     

  ¿2÷5 ¿3÷20 ¿2÷5 ¿3÷20

 
     

¿0.4 ¿0.15 ¿5.4 ¿9.15

 Convert Decimal to Percentage

0.125 0.35 0.75 1.5

     

¿0.125×100 ¿0.35×100
 
 
     

¿12.5% ¿35% ¿75% ¿150%

 Convert Percentage to Fraction

11% 32% 3% 150%

     

 
32  
150
¿ ¿
100 100
11  
8  
3  
3
¿   ¿ ¿ ¿
100 25 100 2
 FRACTIO PERCENT
DECIMAL
N AGE
𝟏 .𝟖
  𝟏𝟖𝟎
  %
 𝟒𝟓𝟔 𝟓𝟕
 
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟓
  .𝟔%
𝟏𝟐𝟓
𝟎.
  𝟎𝟕𝟏𝟖 𝟕
  .𝟏𝟖

 𝟐𝟓𝟑
𝟎  . 𝟐𝟓𝟑
𝟏 𝟎𝟎𝟎
 𝟔𝟒𝟐   𝟑𝟐𝟏
𝟎  . 𝟎𝟔𝟒𝟐
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
 PERCENTAGE

Percentage (portion) is the

variable in the percentage
P formula that represents a part of
the base.
R B “…is or …are”
 
𝑷= 𝑹 × 𝑩
 PERCENTAGE

Rate defines what part the

P percentage is of the base.

R B “%”
 
𝑷
𝑹=
𝑩
 PERCENTAGE

Base is the number 100%, or the

P total value of something, or the
whole thing. (Original amount)
R B “…of”
 
𝑷
𝑩=
𝑹
 𝑷= 𝑹 × 𝑩
 

What is 30% of 250?

 
𝑷=𝟎 .𝟑 × 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟑𝟎 ÷𝟏𝟎𝟎=𝟎 . 𝟑 𝑷= 𝟕𝟓
 
 
 𝑷= 𝑹 × 𝑩
 

How much is 19.5% 𝑷=𝟎 .𝟏𝟗𝟓 × 𝟔𝟎𝟎

 

of 600?  
𝑷=𝟏𝟏𝟕
𝟏𝟗.𝟓÷𝟏𝟎𝟎=𝟎.𝟏𝟗𝟓
 
  
𝑷
𝑹=
𝑩
 
𝟏𝟓𝟎
150 is what percent 𝑹=
of 200? 𝟐𝟎𝟎
 
𝑹=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟓×𝟏𝟎𝟎
 

 
𝑹=𝟕𝟓 %
  
𝑷
𝑹=
𝑩
What part of 30
 
𝟔
𝑹=
is 6? 𝟑𝟎
𝑹=𝟎 . 𝟐×𝟏𝟎𝟎
   

𝑹=𝟐𝟎 %
 
  
𝑷
𝑩=
30% is 120 𝑹
of what number?
 
𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝑩=
𝟑𝟎 ÷𝟏𝟎𝟎=𝟎 . 𝟑
 
.𝟑
𝑩=𝟒𝟎𝟎
 
Luisa bought a bag at 85% of the regular price. She paid
P900 for the bag. What was the regular price? Round off
to the nearest hundredths.

𝟖𝟓 ÷𝟏𝟎𝟎=𝟎 .𝟖𝟓
   

𝑩=
𝟗𝟎𝟎
 
𝑷 . 𝟖𝟓
𝑩=
𝑩=𝟏,𝟎𝟓𝟖.𝟖𝟐
 

𝑹
04 Ratio and
Proportion
 Ratio
It is a relation between two numbers expressed in
terms of  a quotient.
or or
 
or or
In a certain room, there are 28 women and 21
men. What is  the ratio of men to women?

 
𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒘𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏
𝟐𝟏 : 𝟐𝟖
 
𝟑:𝟒
Luisa has a pencil case with 6 ballpens, 3
pencils, and 4 markers.
What is the
 
ratio of ballpens to pencils?
or
What is the
 
ratio of ballpens to markers?
or
What  is the ratio of pencils to markers?
𝟑:𝟒
 Proportion
A proportion is an equality of two ratios. We write
proportions to help us establish equivalent ratios
and solve for unknown quantities.
𝑎 𝑐
𝑎:𝑏=𝑐:𝑑
   
=
𝑏 𝑑
 Proportion
Extremes
𝑎 :𝑏=𝑐 :𝑑
 

Means
Find for the value of x

𝒙:𝟑=𝟔:𝟗
 

 
9 𝑥=3(6)
 
9 𝑥=18
 
𝑥 =2
Find for the value of x
 
𝟓𝟎 𝟐
=
𝒙 𝟑
 
(50)(3)=2 𝑥
 
150= 2 𝑥
 
75= 𝑥
Marie can eat 21 hotdogs in 66 minutes. She
wants to know how many minutes would take her
to eat 35 hotdogs if she can keep up the same
pace.

𝟐𝟏:𝟔𝟔=𝟑𝟓:𝒙
 

21 Hotdogs in 66 minutes  
21 𝑥 =66(35)
35 Hotdogs in x minutes  
21 𝑥 =2310
 
𝑥=110
Sam used 6 loaves of elf bread on an 8 day hiking
trip. He wants to know how many loaves of elf
bread he should pack for 12 day hiking trip if he
eats the same amount of bread each day.

𝟔:𝟖=𝒙:𝟏𝟐
 

6 breads in 8 days
X bread in 12 days
 
6(12)= 8 𝑥
 
72=8 𝑥
 
9=𝑥
 12𝑐𝑚
 
9 𝑐𝑚
 

 
𝑥
8 𝑐𝑚
 

 
12 𝑥= 8(9)
𝟏𝟐: 𝟖=𝟗: 𝒙
 
 
12 𝑥= 72
 
𝑥 =6
 Divide a 72 m rope into 3 with the ratio 1:2:5. What is the
measure of each rope? 72 m
1:2:5

𝒙+𝟐 8𝒙+𝟓𝑥 =72

𝒙=𝟕𝟐
 
 
𝑥 =9
   
2 𝑥 =18
 
𝑥 =9  
5 𝑥 =45
 Divide 100 into parts 2:3:5. What is the value of each
part?
2:3:5=2x+3x+5x
 

𝟐𝒙+𝟑 1𝒙+𝟓 𝒙=𝟏𝟎𝟎

 

 
0 𝑥= 100
 

 
𝑥 =10  
 A mother has three million pesos (P3,000,000) to be
divided to his three sons. If the ratio of the money to be
divided is 1:2:3, that is 1 part for the eldest, 2 parts for
her second son, and 3 parts for the youngest son. How
much will each one receive? 3,000,000
1:2:3=1x+2x+3x
𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟑6 𝑥=3,000,000
𝒙=𝟑 ,𝟎𝟎𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎2𝑥=500,000
 
 

 
𝑥 =1,000,000  

𝑥=500,000 3 𝑥=1,500,000
   
 THANKS!
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 Quiz Bee Contest Guidelines
ELIMINATION AND FINAL ROUND
A.PARTICIPANTS:
1.Thequizbeeisindividualinnature.
2.ThecontestisopentoallValpolySHSandCollegeyearlevels.
B.SCOPEANDCOVERAGE:
1. ThequizbeeshallcoverquestionsunderGeneralInformation,Science,andMath.
2. TheEliminationphaseshallbeinface-to-faceformandwillbeconductedon Wednesday,November17from9amto12noon.
3. Thereshallbeforty-five(45)questionstobeansweredbytheparticipants.
4. CategoriesandScoringsystem:
A.GeneralInfo.andScience:
Easylevel:1point-20seconds/question
Moderate:3points-40seconds/question
Difficult:5points-1minute/question
B.Mathematics:
Easylevel:1point-30second/question
Moderate:3points-1minute/question
Difficult:5points-3minute/question
5.TheanswerswillbeevaluatedandverifiedbytheQuizBeeCommitteemembers.
6.TheTop15participantsshalljoinintheFinalPhase.
 Quiz Bee Contest Guidelines
ELIMINATION AND FINAL ROUND

C.FinalPhase:
1.TheFinalRoundforbothdepartmentsshallbeinface-to-faceformandwillbeconductedon Tuesday,November23,2021,at1:00-3:00pm(SHS),3:00-5:00pm
(COLLEGE)atValpolyGymnasium.
2.Thereshallbeten(10)questionsperlevelandthesamescoringsystemasstatedinEliminationRoundandthree(3)questionsshallbegivenincasesofties.
D.QuizProper:
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2.TheQuizMastershallreadthequestiontwicewhilethequestionitselfflashedonthescreen.
3.Allanswersmustbewrittenontheslateboard.Itshallberaisedwhentheallottedtimeisover.
4.Anyquestionorquerytothecorrectnessoftheanswersshouldberaisedbeforethestartofthenextquestion.
E.DeclarationofWinners:
1.Thetopthree(3)participantsthatgarneredthehighestmarksshallbedeclaredasthewinner.
2.Awards&Prizes:
1stPlace:2000php
2ndPlace:1500php
3rdPlace:1000php
Mandy works construction. She knows that a 5 meter long
metal bar has a mass of 40kg. Mandy wants to figure out
the mass of a bar made out of the same metal that
is 3 meters long and the same thickness. What is the mass
of the shorter bar?

𝟓:𝟒𝟎=𝟑: 𝒙
 

5m to 40kg
3m to x kg
 
5 𝑥=3( 40)
 
5 𝑥=120
 
𝑥 =24