CHAPTER 2

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

ENGINEERING MATHS 2
JGB 22403
CONTENTS

2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 EVALUATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
2.3 GRAPH OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
2.4 INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
2.5 LOG FORM OF THE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
2.6 HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES
2.7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRIGONOMETRIC AND HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
2.8 APPLICATIONS
2.1 INTRODUCTION

• similar names to trigo functions, but defined in terms of the exponential

function
• often result from differential equations
• there are 6 functions but 2 main are ‘sinh’ and ‘cosh’
Hyperbolic sine:
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
sinh 𝑥 =
2

Hyperbolic cosine:
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
cosh 𝑥 =
2

Hyperbolic tangent:
sinh 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 − 1
tanh = =
cosh 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1

Hyperbolic secant:
1 2
sech 𝑥 = = 𝑥
cosh 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥

Hyperbolic cosecant:
1 2
cosech 𝑥 = = 𝑥
sinh 𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑥

Hyperbolic cotangent:
1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 1
coth 𝑥 = = 2𝑥
tanh 𝑥 𝑒 −1
2.2 EVALUATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

Find the value for each of the following by using definition of hyperbolic functions:
(a) sinh 1.275
(b) cosh 2.156
(c) cosh (ln 3)

(d) tanh 4
EVALUATION OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

• Simplify cosh x + sinh x

• Simplify cosh x − sinh x
• Prove sinh 2 x + cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x
• Proof that cosh 2 x − sinh 2 x = 1
• Solve the equation by giving the answer in terms of natural log
2 cosh 2 x + 10sinh 2 x = 5
2.3 GRAPH OF HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
2.4 INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

• If hyperbolic function is one to one, then the inverse function is exist.

• For function that is not one to one, the domain should be restricted.
• Can be written as ‘ar’ instead of inverse.
eg: arsinh
SUMMARY
Hyperbolic Domain Sketch Inverse Domain Sketch
Hyperbolic
𝑦 = sinh 𝑥 𝑥∈ℝ 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 𝑥∈ℝ

𝑦 = cosh 𝑥 𝑥≥0 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 𝑥≥1

𝑦 = tanh 𝑥 𝑥∈ℝ 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ 𝑥 𝑥 <1

𝑦 = sech 𝑥 𝑥≥0 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑥 0<𝑥≤1

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑥 𝑥≠0 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑥 𝑥≠0

𝑦 = coth 𝑥 𝑥≠0 𝑦 = arcoth 𝑥 𝑥 >1

EVALUATION OF INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTION

• By using definition of hyperbolic function, find:

(a) sinh −1 3
(b) cosh −1 5
 x−2
• Solve 2 tanh −1   = ln 2
 x +1 
2.5 LOG FORM OF THE INVERSE HYPERBOLIC
FUNCTIONS

• can be written in terms of 𝑒, then inverse hyperbolic can be expressed in terms of 𝑙𝑛.

𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 1
𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 1 , 𝑥≥1
1 1+𝑥
𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ 𝑥 = ln , 𝑥 <1
2 1−𝑥
2.6 HYPERBOLIC IDENTITIES

cosh 2 x − sinh 2 x = 1
sech 2 x = 1 − tanh 2 x
cos ech 2 x = coth 2 x − 1
sinh 2 x = 2 sinh x cosh x
cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + sinh 2 x
= 2 cosh 2 x − 1
= 1 + 2 sinh 2 x
2 tan x
tanh 2 x =
1 + tanh 2 x
EVALUATION

By using identities:
• Solve for all real 𝑥 for 2 cosh2 𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 = 5
3
• If sinh x = , find the exact value of
4
(a) cosh x
(b) tanh x
(c) sinh 2x
2.7 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRIGONOMETRIC AND
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS

• Since:
j − j j − j
cos = e + e and j sin = e − e
2 2

• it is clear that for  = jx

cos jx = cosh x

j sin x = sinh jx
2.8 APPLICATIONS

Applications of hyperbolic functions in real life.

• A hanging rope/thread/wire
for example of such a curve is the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri.
• Skydiving
for example, jumping out of an airplane or experiencing free fall.