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Overview
65
1. Define, state, and illustrate properties of hyperbolic
functions;
2. Evaluate the indefinite integrals of hyperbolic functions.
Topics
Pre-test ____________________________________________________________
66
Name: ______________________________________ Date: ______________________
Section: _____________________________________ Score: ______________________
dx
1. ∫ sech x ( 3+5 sinh x )
dx
2. ∫ csch x ( 5+3 cosh x )
dx
3. ∫ ( csch )3 x
4. ∫ msinh m dm
x
e dx
5. ∫ csch x
cosh x dx
6. ∫ e−2 x
dx
7. ∫ sinh x−cosh x
dy
8. ∫ 3 sinh y−5 cosh y
67
Lesson Proper_________________________________________________________________
Module 4. Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions
1
cosh x= ( e x +e− x )
2
1
sinh x= ( e x −e−x )
2
sinh x e x −e−x
tanh x=¿ = ¿
cosh x e x + e−x
1 e x + e−x
coth x= = x −x
tanh x e −e
1 2 1 2
csch x= = x − x sech x= = x −x
sinh x e −e cosh x e +e
Figure 4.1
68
y=cosh x
Figure 4.2
y=sinh x
Figure 4.3
y=tanh x
2. tanh 2 x +sech 2 x =1
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8. s∈h(x + y )=sin h x cos h y+ sin h y cos h x
d d e x −e−x e x +e− x
1.
dx
sinh x=
dx (2
=
2 ) =cosh x
d d e x +e−x e x −e−x
2.
dx
cosh x =
dx ( 2
= )
2
=sinh x
d d 1 −sinh x
4.
dx
sech x = (
dx cosh x
= )
cosh 2 x
=−sech x tanh x
d d 1 −cosh x
5.
dx
csch x= (
dx sinh x
= )
sinh 2 x
=−csch x coth x
d d 1 −sech2 x
6.
dx
coth x= (
dx tanh x
= )
tanh 2 x
2
=−csch x
1. ∫ cosh x dx=sinh x+ c
2. ∫ sinh x dx=cosh x+ c
3. ∫ sech2 x dx =tanh x +c
70
4. ∫ sech x tanh x dx=−sech x +c
5. ∫ csch x coth x dx=−csch x +c
6. ∫ csch2 x dx=−coth x +c
7. ∫ tanh x dx=ln cosh x +c=ln ( e x + e−x ) +c
Derivation:
sinh x
∫ tanh xdx=∫ ( cosh x)
dx
¿ ln ( e x + e−x ) +c
Derivation:
( coth x – csch x ) csch x
∫ csch x dx=¿∫ coth x – csch x
dx ¿
71
e x −1
¿ ln +c
e x +1
x
¿ ln tanh
2
3
Example 2. Evaluate ∫ tanh x dx
4
Solution:
3 4
∫ tanh 4 x dx= 3 ln ( e3 x + e−3 x )+ c
5x
Example 3. Evaluate ∫ csch 3
dx
Solution:
5x 3 5x
∫ csch 3
dx= ln tanh
5 6
+c
3 5x 5x
5 (
¿ ln coth
3
– csch
3 )
+c
sech √ x dx
Example 4. Evaluate ∫
√x
Solution:
∫ sech√√xx dx =2∫ sech2 √√xx dx
¿ 2 ( 2 arctan e √ x ) +c
¿ 4 ( arctan e √ x ) +c
−x
Example 5. Evaluate ∫ e sinh x dx
Solution:
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e x −e−x
∫ e−x sinh x dx=∫ e− x ( −2 x
2
dx )
1−e
¿∫ dx
2
1 e−2 x
¿∫ −
2 ( 2
dx )
1 e−2 x
¿ ∫ dx−∫ dx
2 2
1 1
¿ x+ e−2 x + c
2 4
2
Example 7. Evaluate ∫ sinh x dx
Solution:
Use cosh 2 x=1+¿ 2 sinh 2 x ¿
1
∫ sinh 2 x dx= 2 ∫ ¿ ¿
1
¿
2∫
( cosh 2 x dx−∫ dx )
1 1 1
¿ ∙ sinh 2 x− x+ c
2 2 2
1 1
¿ sinh 2 x− x +c
4 2
73
1
∫ sinh 2 x dx=∫ 4 ( e 2 x −2+e−2 x ) dx
1 1 2x 1
¿
4 2 (
e −2 x + e−2 x + c
2 )
1
¿ ( e2 x −4 x +e−2 x ) +c
8
1 1 2 x −2 x
≟ ( e −e ) − 1 x +c
[ ]
4 2 2
1 2x
( e −4 x +e−2 x ) + c= 1 ( e 2 x −4 x+ e−2 x ) +c
8 8
Solution:
∫ ( coth4 y−csch 4 y ) dy=∫ ( coth2 y −csch2 y ) ( coth2 y+ csch2 y ) dy
¿ ∫ ( coth 2 y +csch 2 y ) dy
¿ ∫ ( csch 2 y +1+ csch2 y ) dy
¿ ∫ ( 2 csch2 y +1 ) dy
¿−2 coth y + y + c
2
−ln y
Example 9. Evaluate ∫ e cosh ¿ ¿¿
Solution:
Change cosh ¿ ¿ into exponentials
2
∫ e−ln y cosh ¿ ¿¿
1
¿ ∫ y−2 ( y 2+ y−2 ) dy
2
1
¿ ∫ ( 1+ y−4 ) dy
2
1
¿ ¿) + c
2
1 1
(
¿ y− 3 +c
2 3y )
74
Example 10. Evaluate
Solution:
du
Letu=2+ 3 sinh du=3 cosh x dx =cosh x dx
3
3
Example 11. Evaluate ∫ sech x tanh x dx
Solution:
Letu=sech x du=−sech x tanh x dx−du=sechx tanhx dx
∫ sech3 x tanh x dx=∫ sech2 x sechx tanhx dx
¿ ∫ u2 (−du)
u3
¿− +c
3
1
¿− sech 3 x +c
3
75
Assessing Learning_________________________________________________________________
Activity 1
Name: _____________________ Score: _______________
Section: ____________________ Date: ________________
2. ∫ x sech2 x 2 dx
3. ∫ sin sinhx dx
4. ∫ sech √ x √tanh
x
√ x dx
dx
5. ∫ 2
( e +e− x )
x
coth 3 x
6. ∫ sinh 3 x dx
7. ∫ tanh 2 x csch2 x dx
8. ∫ sinh 3 x cosh 3 x dx
76
Assessing Learning_________________________________________________________________
Activity 2
Name: _____________________ Score: _______________
Section: ____________________ Date: ________________
1. ∫ cothx ¿¿
2. ∫ sinh 2 x cosh 2 x dx
3. ∫ ( 1−tanh 2 2 x ) dx
dz
4. ∫ sinh z tanhz
5. ∫ sinh 3 z dz
6. ∫¿¿
7. ∫ sinh 2 z cosh 3 z dz
cosh z
8. ∫ cosh 2 z−1 dz
1 1
9. ∫ tanh2 3 z sech 2 3 z dz
77
10. ∫ x −2 /3 tanh √3 x dz
References:
Books:
Leithold, L. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Harper and Row Publishers,
1990.
Love, C. and Rainville, E. Differential and Integral Calculus. The Macmillan Co.,
6th Edition, 1970.
Mateo, R.A., Perez, A.P., Ymas Jr., S.E. Integral Calculus, Ymas Publishing
House. 2002.
Internet:
Calculus - CliffsNotes
www.cliffsnotes.com/.../Calculus.topicArticleId-39909.html
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