Problems of unit1(part 3)

Mesh Analysis with

dependent voltage and current source
And
Super Mesh Analysis
 Dependent sources :

Dependent sources behave just like independent (normal) voltage and

current sources, except their values are dependent in some way on
another voltage or current in the circuit.
 Mesh Analysis Using dependent
Sources
1. Assume the voltage across each current source is known.
2. Write the mesh equations in the same way we did for circuits with
only independent or dependent voltage sources.
3. Express the current of each independent current source in terms of
the mesh currents.
4. Rewrite the equations with all unknown mesh currents on the left
hand side of the equality and all known voltages on the r.h.s. of the
equality.
 Example
11. Use mesh analysis to find the current I0

  −𝒊 𝟐)
(𝒊𝟏
  −𝒊 𝟐)
(𝒊𝟑

  −𝒊 𝟑)
(𝒊𝟏
 Example

• Apply KVL to each mesh. For mesh 1,

24 -10(i1  i2 ) - 12(i1  i3 )  0
22i1  10i2  12i3 24 (1)

• For mesh 2,

-24i2 - 4(i2  i3 ) - 10(i2  i1 )  0

10i1 - 38i2 + 4i3 0 (2)
 • For mesh 3,

= - 4(i3  i2 ) - 4I 0 -12(i3  i1 )  0 At node A, I 0  i1 

i2 ,

= 4(i3  i2 ) +4(i1 i28i) 12(i  16i

8 i 3  i1 ) 0 (3)
1 2 3

0
Eq-1,2 and 3 are called mesh equations.
In matrix form eqs become:

 22  10  12  i1  24
 10  38 4  i 2   0 
    
 8  8 16  i3  0 

we can calculate i1, i2 and i3 by Cramer’s rule,

 24  10  12
0  38 4
0  8 16 24( 38 16  32)  13824
i1     2.25 A
22  10  12  6144  6144
10  38 4
8 8 16

22 24  12
10 0 4
 8 0 16  24(160  32)  4608
i2     0.75 A
22  10  12  6144  6144
10  38 4
 8  8 16

I 0  i1  i 2  2.25 A  0.75 A  1.5 A

Mesh Analysis with Current Sources
A circuit with a current source.
• Case 1
– Current source exist only in one mesh
i1   5 A
– One mesh variable is reduced
• Case 2
– Current source exists between two meshes, a super-mesh is
obtained.
 Super Mesh
• A super-mesh results when two meshes have a (dependent , independent)
current source in common.

  20 - 6i1 - 10i2 -4i2 =0

20 = 6i1 + 10i2 + 4i2
-=-6 (1) (2)
20 = 6i1 + 14i2
 Solve the below two equations for i2 and i1
20 = 6i1 + 14i2
-=-6
Matrix form:

1  1  i1   6
6 14  i 2   20 
    
By applying crammer’s rule

 6  1
 20 14   6  14  20  64

i1     3.2 A
1  1 14  6 20
6 14 

1  6
6 20 
 20  36 56
i2     2 .8 A
1  1 20 20
6 14 

 Properties of a Supermesh

1. The current is not completely ignored

– provides the constraint equation necessary to solve for the mesh

current.

2. A supermesh has no current of its own.

3. Several current sources in adjacency form a bigger supermesh.

12.Find the three mesh currents in the circuit below using
super mesh analysis.
 Creating a “supermesh” from meshes 1 and 3(ABEDFG):
A B C
 7 - 1 ( i1 - i2 ) - 3 ( i3 - i2 ) - 1  i3  0
 7 - i1  4i2 - 4i3  0
 i1  4i2  4i3  7
(i1-i2)
(i3-i2)
E Around mesh 2(BCDE):
D

 -2 i2 - 3 ( i2 - i3 ) - 1 ( i2 - i1 )  0
 i1  6i 2  3i3  0

Finally, we relate the currents in meshes 1 and 3

Applying KCL at E:
F  i 2  i3  7
G

Super mesh
Matrix form:

1  4 4   i1  7
1  6 3  i 2  0
    
0 1  1 i3 7
 7 4 4
0 6 3
7 1 1
1  9A
1 4 4
1 6 3
0 1 1
1 7 4
1 0 3
0 7 1
i2   2. 5 A
1 4 4
1 6 3
0 1 1
1 4 7
1 6 0
0 1 7
i3   2A
1 4 4
1 6 3
0 1 1
MESH