DENTIN

 1st dental hard tissue- late bell stage

 Mineralized tissue – bulk of the tooth
 Determine shape of the crown

 Differs from enamel  Differs from bone

•Sensitive • Odontoblast –
always exterior but
•Formed through out
their process extend
life
within the tubule
 Basic Anatomy
 Multiple closely packed dentinal tubules
 Transverse entire thickness
 Containcytoplasmic extensions of
odontoblasts
 Odontoblast
 Cellbodies- line deep surface of dentin, outer
border of pulp
 Processes- extend within the tubule
Physical and chemical properties
 Light yellowish (darkens with age)
 Viscoelastic- slight deformation
 Harder than Bone; softer than enamel
 Dentin in primary teeth – less hard
 R/O than pulp & more R/L than enamel
Organic + water – 35% Inorganic – 65%
Type I collagen Hydroxyapetite
Ground substance
•Mucopoly  little Carbonate,
•GAG sulphates &phosphate
•Proteoglycans
 Structure

 Collagen (fibrils) network- calcifies

 Odontoblast

 Cell body- Pulpal surface

 Process- tubules
 Dentinal Tubule
 ‘S’ Shaped
 Right angled from pulpal surface
 1st convexity towards apex
 Perpendicular to DEJ, DCJ
 Secondary oscillations
 Lamina limitans-inner organic lining
 Tubules
 Large diameter near pulp (3-4um)
 Narrow at periphery (1um)

 Crown > root

 Lateral branches- CANALICULI

 Contents of dentinal tubule
 Odontoblastic process
 Dentinal fluid
 Nerve ending
 Collagen fibrils
 Albumin

 Transferin

 proteoglycans
 Odontoblasts- periphery of pulp
 Odontoblastic process- cytoplasmic
extension of odontoblasts
 Made up of microtubules (collagen fibrils)
 Rare- mitochondria, lysosomes, microvesicles,
coated vesicles
 Enamel spindles
 Classification
 Time of development and histological
appearance of tissue
 Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary

 Relationship to dentinal tubule

 Peritubular/ Intratubular
 Intertubular
Peritublar / Intratubular dentin
 Forms the wall for dentinal tubule
 Thickness more towards the outer surface
 .75um towards the outer surface
 .50um -pulp
 More Mineralized than Intertubular dentin
 Intratubular- dentin deposited within tubule
(anatomically, peritubular wrong word as
dentin deposited within tubule)
 Dentin is formed through out life, narrows
down the lumen- OBLITERATION
 Toomany tubules in the same area c/as
SCLEROTIC / TRANSPARENT DENTIN
 More calcified
 Found in older persons
 Apical third of root
 Decreases permeability of dentinal tubule
 Maintains the vitality of pulp
 Intertubular Dentin
 Form the main body of the teeth
 Thicker towards enamel (dia.of DT narrow)
 Less mineralized than peritubular dentin
 Organic component > inorganic
 Collagen fibers are randomly arranged
and the hydroxyapetite crystals are
parallel to collagen fibers.
 Predentin
 1st formed dentin which is NOT
mineralized
 Thickness- 2-6 um wide, deposited
adjacent to the pulp
 Separates the odontoblasts from calcified
dentin
  Few dentinal tubules
 Interglobular dentin NOT found
 Circumpulpal dentin
 Forms the remaining bulk of the teeth/ PD
 Smaller collagen fibers
 Closely packed
 Parallel to DEJ

 Aperiodic and Korff’s fibers Absent

 More dentinal tubules

 Mineralization- Globular form (heterogeneous
nucleation)
 More no. of phosphoproteins and
phosphophoryn
 Secondary dentin
 Dentin formed after root completion
 Laid down towards pulpal end
 Few and more irregular dentinal tubules
compared to PD
 Union of PD &SD- slight bend
 Thicker-roof of pulp chamber
 Significance
 Decrease permeability of dentin- protects pulp
 Pulp recession in old age because of
continuous deposition of dentin
 Tertiary dentin
 Synonyms – reparative, reactive, irregular
secondary dentin
 Localized deposition- noxious stimuli
 Cavity prep, caries, abrasion, erosion
 stimuli- Odontoblasts die- undifferentiated
mesenchymal cells
 Irregular and few dentinal tubules
 Type I,III collagen fibrils present
 Cellular inclusions c/as Osteodentin
 Significance
 Decrease permeability- protects pulp
 Incremental lines
 Imbrication lines appear as fine
line/striations
 Perpendicular to dentin
 Daily rhythmic/ recurrent deposition
 4um/day
 Slight change in the direction of the matrix
 Severe change in direction of collagen
fibers-5th day- c/as Von ebner’s line
 Distance between 2 line vary 3-8um
 Contour lines of owen
 Accentuated incremental lines
 Hypocalcified
 Due to,
 Disturbance in matrix deposition
 Mineralization process

 Ca metabolism process

 Neonatal line
 Hypocalcified/ accentuated line
 Indicates pre/post natal dentin
 Appears because of abrupt change in
environment at time of birth
 Interglobular dentin
 Usually, HA crystals deposit-globular masses
which fuse to form homogenous calcification
 When FAIL, in between hypocalcified areas c/as
interglobular dentin
 DT pass uninterrupted
 Seen in,
 Crown – circumpulpal dentin
 Root- tome’s granular layer

 Appearance
 Transmitted light- dark
 Reflected light- white
 Tome’s Granular layer

 Appears –thin dark granular layer

 Extension- CEJ to apex
 Narrow towards CEJ, broad towards apex

 Seen only in root dentin

 Due to coalescing and looping of the
dentinal tubules
 Age & Functional Changes
 Dentin- vital tissue
 Physiological, pathological stimulus
 Tertiary, reparative or sclerotic dentin
 Protects the pulp

 Dead tracts
 Dead DT
 GS preparation- disintegration, degradation of
odontoblats
 Tubles filled with air
  Seen as,
 Dark- transmitted light
 Light- reflected light
 1st
seen in cusp tips
 Leads to formation of sclerotic dentin
 Decreased sensitivity, more in older teeth
 Sclerotic dentin
 Stimuli-calcification within tubules
 Tubule lumen- obliterated
 Refractive index equalized- Transparent
 Seen in,
 Elderly people
 Slowly advancing caries
 Apical third of the root
 Decreases permeability of dentin- protects pulp
Theories of pain transmission
 Direct neural transmission
 Direct
stimulation of the nerve ending
 NOT accepted
 Nerve endings are most commonly towards inner
surface of dentin; may/may not extend to DEJ
 Fluid/Hydrodynamic theory
 Mostwidely accepted
 Receptors within pulp stimulated via fluid
movement
 Stimulus-Heat, cold, cavity preparation
  Fluid movement
 Mechanical disturbance of nerve endings
 Nerve endings contain receptors to feel pain

 Transduction theory
 Odontoblasts or odontoblastic process act as
a primary receptor
 NOT accepted
 No receptor in odontoblastic processes
 Dentinogenesis