BUSZONE PROTECTION

K K VYAS
AM (MPO)
 Principle of Operation

It works on the principle of “ Kirchchoff ‘s”

law. It states that on a single node at bus
bar, the summation of resultant magnitudes
of current / voltage output signals are zero
for all incoming & outgoing circuits.
In ( Summation) of all Incoming circuits
likewise : Generators & Tie lines i.e
Source of power.
Im ( Summation) of all Outgoing circuits
likewise : EHV feeders & Tie lines i.e Sink
of power.
In1+In2+In3+Im1+Im2+Im3....+Im6 = 0
Sum of Resultant current is Zero
 Features
“PBLSB” type Bus zone protection system
is having
• Solid state design, Low Z, High speed, %
Biased differential relay
Continuous supervision of CT secondary ckt
Stability during external fault condition
Adoptability for different Bus configuration
Fully isolated DC aux supply using DC/DC
converter
Built-in provision for LBB & Isolator repeat
relays
CT of different ratio can be use
Based on “ Mertz-price” circulating current
principle, By adding following features, the
enhanced through fault stability can be
achieved.
% Biased characteristics with 80% slope
CT saturation detector
Transient bias
 Main CT

• For Bus bar protection, for all incoming &

outgoing circuits CT used should be of at
least of single core & for Bus coupler, Bus
section circuit, CT used should be of at
least of two cores.
 CT ratio matching

• Interposing CTs are used if CTs of different

ratios are used in Bus bar protection
scheme. Interposing CTs are selected to
match with the highest CT ratio of circuit.

e.g : Ct of 800/1 & 400/1 of different circuits

are used then Interposing CTs can be
connected in series with the 400/1 CT. CT
ratio of Interposing CT will be 1/ 400/800 i.e
1/0.5.
 Application

The relay can be used for

 Indoor S/S
 Outdoor EHV S/S
 EHV ckts having equal CT ratio
 EHV ckts without having equal CT ratio
 EHV ckts having single core CT
By suitable selecting a sub racks, a
protection scheme can be assembled to
suit any bus bar configuration.
Power supply sub rack
Measuring / Supervision sub rack
Feeder Sub rack
BC / BS / TBC Sub rack
 Saturation level detector :

This Differential Bus-bar protection is

relied upon low Z of saturated CT to
ensure stability under through fault
conditions hence external burden of CT
will increase. But relay is having feature
of in-built CT saturation level detectors
which disables the measurement during
CT saturation. This will also reduce the
extra external burden of CT.
 Over current check feature :

 In this feature, the relay is having

adjustable current settings & can be set at
1.2 time of load current of highest loaded
circuit.
 Final trip command will generate only
on operation of both % Biased diff & O/C
check element.
 % Biased diff feature :

Separate measuring modules are provided

for each phase. Each modules receives the
respective bias, diff & setting inputs & gives
supervision & trip output for each phase.

 Biased Voltage ( Vb )
 Differential Voltage ( Vd )
 Set Voltage ( Vs )
If Vd < ( Vs + Vb ) then relay have biased
tendency & If Vd > ( Vs + Vb ) then relay
have operative tendency.

Biased characteristics has dual slope of 20%

up to rated current & 80% beyond rated
current.
 Stability with saturated CT :
• During external fault conditions, one of the
CTs may saturate. A differential current will
be produce by the unsaturated CTs. In this
condition, relay will detect the CT saturation
& blocks the measurement for that portion of
cycle during which saturation occurs & thus
stability is achieved.
Suppose I1,I2 are the two CT current
& if I2 is distorted due to CT saturation then
Differential current ( Id = I1-I2 ) will flow
during CT saturation condition.
• CT saturates only after Zero crossing &
diff current will appear only after the
appearance of bias ( Ib = I1+I2 ) current.

• CT saturation monitor constantly monitors

the interval between Ib & Id. If Id < Ib,
then Biased diff final O/P signal to timer
will be blocked & timer won’t issue trip
signal. The blocking will be ensured during
CT saturation time. Hence this feature
enhances the through fault stability.
 Operation with saturated CT :
• Relay will detect whether the fault is Internal
or External by giving logic O/P signal. This
principle is based on the instant of
appearance of Biased & diff ( Ib & Id ) signal
& this information is used in CT saturation
level detector.
• For Internal fault, Ib & Id will appear at same
instant.
• For External fault, Ib & Id will not appear at
same instant but there will be some time
interval between Ib & Id.
• Once the fault is detected as “ Internal ”,
the logic disables the CT saturation
detector circuit & transient bias circuit & by
this way, high speed operation is ensured.
 Transient Bias
• This feature enhanced stability during
external faults. For external faults, the bias is
raised to a much higher level & falls
exponentially to steady state value.

• The combination of steady state bias,

transient bias & saturation detector provides
exceptionally high through fault stability
without need of external stabilizing resistor
which finally reduces the burden of CT.
 CT secondary supervision

• This features monitors the CT secondary

wiring circuit & produces the diff current if
any fault in CT secondary circuit which
finally gives the O/P signal to timer for
alarm / trip.

• During primary system fault condition,

timer will not initiate the O/P signal up to
its set value.
 LBB scheme

• Potential free contacts of LBB relay is

wired to this Bus bar protection relay input
terminals externally so in case of failure of
breaker tripping, back up trip will be
initiated through this relay.
 Isolator repeat relay
• Isolator aux contact ( NO / NC contact ) is
wired to this relay. Power to this relay is
given through DC/DC converter.

• Relay is bi-stable so in the event of loss of

DC power, CT secondary wire will be in the
same status. Isolator operation is indicated
by LEDs on panel in UCB.

• This relay switches the secondary of CT so

main CT open circuit can be avoided.
THANK U