Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Processing
Determine
Objectives Setup File Save File Print File
Layout
Actions
Open Document Set top/bottom
Name the File
Margins Set Print Options
Set Left/Right
Margins
Steps in preparing a word-processed
document Step 1. Open a new file
Step 2. Assign a name
Step 3. Set margins
Step 4. Set printer options
Step 5. Type text
Step 6. Insert figures
Step 7. Edit text
Step 8. Add cover page
Step 9. Spell check
Step 10. Change font
Step 11. Repeat until satisfied
Step 12. Print
Step 13. Save file
Inputs Outputs
Chapter 3 - HIP
Stages of HIP
Memory
(Attention) Processors
Design implications
– User will not notice screen changes within screen changes
– User perception is limited to 7+ 2 chunks of information and will
ignore part of the screen
– Long-term memory retrieval will significantly degrade
performance
– Designs must reflect these issues
Additional impacts include: motivation to use, practice,
and attributes of representation (such as intensity)
Chapter 3 - HIP
Perceptual Processor
– Works tightly with perceptual storage
– 3 principles of relevance
• Input buffers of the working memory store visual and
auditory images
• Perceptual processor works in cycles (pulses combined to
make 1 signal)
• More intense signals require less time to process
Chapter 3 - HIP
Cognitive Processor
– Cognitive processors are automatic (fast and
undemanding) or controlled (slower and demanding)
– Cognitive Processors can process both images and
verbal (text) information (but differently)
– Cognitive processing is not always consistent over
time and is content-related
3.4 Watson and Johnson-Laird (1966)
Logical Reasoning Experiment
E K 4 7
Long-term memory
– Is episodic(direct memory) or semantic(meanings)
– Individual differences come into play (age for
example, can negatively impact memory capacity)
Organizing Memory
– Schemata (high order cognitive structures such as
scripts)
– Metaphors (related to an already familiar concept,
e.g., desk top as a metaphor for RAM)
Chapter 3 - HIP
Knowledge of the
Natural Language Knowledge of the context
Knowledge of the
process, problem- Knowledge of the
solving and mechanism Problem Knowledge of the Context
bound to the system
Conclusions
– Models help our understanding of HIP (
– Performance is a function of cognitive management,
memory, processing, attention, and comprehension
– Performance is speed and accuracy
– We can use schemata to organize knowledge
(mental models, metaphors, heuristics)
– Comprehension is sensitive to context