System and Network Administration

Windows Based

Wasif Feroze

Department of IT
University of Education

Fall 2020

Lecture 1

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 1

Pleased to meet you

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 2

About myself

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 3

Instructor’s Information

• Education:
• Master, Computer Science and Technology, UESTC, China (June
2018)
• Bachelor, Computer Science, IUB (Aug 2014)

• Contact
• wasif_feroze@yahoo.com

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 4

Objectives of the course

• Sound understanding of computer systems and networks from hands-on

experience
• You should understand what you are doing. It is required for stability
and security of your systems.
• Understand and practice every aspect of system and network
administration
• Focus on principles/theories. What you do today may be different
from tomorrow, but principles survive longer.
• Focus on the technical aspect of system and network management

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 5

The course profile

• About the total marks

• 20% regular grade (including assignments, quizzes and class
participation) plus 80% mid and final exam grade
• One technical report is required, topics will be communicated later.
• The technical reports have to be submitted before the final exam.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 6

Assignments & Quizzes

• 5-6 assignments/labs
• A quiz every alternate week
• You have 7 days late relaxation for whole semester
• Assignment Grading Policy
• Only digital submission is accepted
• Copied work from internet sources without any reference will be
graded ZERO
• Copied from classmate, both student will get ZERO
• 10% deduction for every late day.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 7

Three basic rules

• You have to arrive at class room on the schedule provided by IT dept

• You may interrupt me during my speaking, but please raise your hand
before doing it
• You may be absent from the class, but you have to inform me before the
class and give me a fine reason

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 8

Penalty for the violation

• Late for the class more than 10 times, your regular grade will 25%
lower
• Absent from the class without any fine reason exceeding 3 times,
your regular grade will be ZERO
• Interrupt me without any manners, I will ignore your question,
maybe your regular grade will be lower.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 9

Resources

• Reference Book:
• Principle of Network & System Administrator, 2nd Edition, Mark
Burgess
• Related web sites, forums and communities
• Google (google it every time)

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 10

 Chapter 1: Introduction

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 11

What is network & system administration

• A branch of engineering that concern the operational management of human-

computer systems.
• Its address both technology of computer systems and the user of technology.
• Also about putting together a network of computer (Workstation, PCs and Super
Computer). Getting & putting them running in spite of activities of user who tend
to cause the system fail.
• System administrators work for use and can use the system to produce their
work. They also should not just cater for one or two selfish need but work for the
benefit of whole community

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 12

What is network & system administration

• In future, improvement of technology might render system administration become

easy.
• Today system administration its not just do administrative job but it can become
extremely demanding engineer jobs
• System administrators jobs about hardware, software, user support, diagnosis
repair and prevention.
• Need to know bit of skills , ie : technical, administrative and socio-psychological

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 13

What is network & system administration

• Term “network administration & system administration” exist separately and use
both variously and inconsistently by industry and academics.
• System administration term used traditionally by mainframe and unix engineer to
describe the management of computers whether they are coupled by network or
not.
• In the community, Network administration mean the management of network
infrastructure devices (routers and Switches).
• In the community also, system administration mean the management of PCs in a
network.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 14

Why we need network & system administration

• The core management areas (F C A P S)

• Fault Management
• Configuration & Name Management
• Account Management
• Performance Management
• Security Management

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 15

Fault management

• The facilities that enable the

• detection,
• isolation, and
• correction
of abnormal operation of the system environment.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 16

Configuration and Name Management

• The services and facilities that

• control
• identify
• collect and provide data
to clients and managed objects, so assisting in continuous operation of
interconnection services.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 17

Account Management

• The facilities that enable

• charges to be established for the use of managed objects and
• costs to be identified for the use of those managed objects.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 18

Performance Management

• The Facilities needed to evaluate

• Behavior of managed objects
• Effectiveness of communication activities

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 19

Security Management

• Address those aspects of security essential to:

• operate OSI network management correctly and
• to protect managed objects

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 20

Structure of Systems and Network Management Organization

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 21

Applying Technology in an Environment

• Task of Network & System Administration is to build hardware configuration and

software system configuration.
• Hardware requires power, a temperature (usually indoor) climate, and
conformance to basic standards in order to work systematically.
• Software requires hardware, basic OS infrastructure and conformance to certain
standards but not limit by physical concern as long it has hardware to run
• Modern software need to inter-operate and survive the possible hostilities and
incompatible or in hospitable competitors
• Applying technology in such environment for purpose (running a business or
practice) and that purpose guide our action and decision.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 22

Human Role in System

• The task of system administration is a balancing act.

• Requires patience, understanding, knowledge and experience.
• Work with limited resources, inventive in crisis, know a lot of fact and figures
about computer works.
• Computing systems require the best of organizational skill and professional of
attitude.
• Start being as system administration, you need to know your many fact and build
confidence through experience and know your limitation in order to avoid
careless mistakes.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 23

Ethical Issues

• There are some ethical issue to be consider in their administration because of

computer system.
• Maximizing productivity or maximizing the cost.
• Policy for use and management of computer and their users.
• To protect the right of individual.
• A system administrator have many responsibilities and constraint to consider.
• Must be the greater network community
• Must be greater than to the user of our system
• Administrator make user lives bearable and to empower them in the production
of real work.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 24

Is System Administration a discipline ?

• System administration is lacking in systematic body of experimental data which

would give its rules and principles an empirical rigor
• An academic concern to be a good SA, a certain amount of dedication is
required with both theoretical and practical.
• SA is a career in engineering.
• Appreciable market for consulting service and security and automation of
system administrative task.
• Not only fascinating but also can be lucrative

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 25

The Challenges of system administration

• System administration is about planning and designing an efficient community

of computers so that real user will be able to get their job done.
• Designing a network which is logical and efficient
• Deploy large number of machines which can easy to upgrade
• Deciding what services are needed
• Planning and implementing adequate security
• Providing comfortable environment for user
• Developing ways of fixing errors and problem which occur
• Keeping track of and understanding how to use the enormous amount of
knowledge which increases every year.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 26

The Challenges of system administration

• System administrator also responsible for both hardware of the network and the
computers which it connects. ( cable and computers)
• Also understanding of how data flow from machine to machine and how machine
affect each others

• There are three issues of internationalization, or tailoring the input/output

hardware and software to local languages : -
• Choice of keyboard, eg Thai, British, German,etc
• Font : Roman, Cyrilic, Greek, Persian, etc
• Translation of program text message.

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 27

Common & Good Practice

• Its Common to speak of “best practice” in system administration world.

• What sense is a best practice, who and when and how to evaluate it ?
• The good ideas is to see what others have done in the past but history has no
automatic authority.
• 3 reason why idea catch on and every one does it
• Someone did once – the idea was copied without thinking and no one has
thought about it.
• Expert have thought a lot about it and it really is the best solution.
• An arbitrary choice had to be made and now it’s a matter conventional

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 28

Bug & Emergent Phenomena

• Operating systems & program are full of bugs and emergent features that were not
planned and designed for.
• Tolerate with bugs is a matter of survival for system administrator
• After work around with this bugs. SA may come from:-
• Poor quality control in software or procedure
• Problem in operating systems and their subsystems
• Unfortunate clashes between incompatible software. Eg: software package
interfere with the operation of another.
• Inexplicable phenomena, cosmic rays, viruses and other attacks
• SA must be prepared to work around this uncertainties, no matter what reason for
their existence .

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 29

The Meta Principle of System Administration

• Policy is foundation
• system administration begins with a policy
• a decision about what we want and what should be in relation to what can we
afford
• Predictability
• the highest level aim in system administration is to work towards a predictable
system.
• Predictability has limits. It is the basis of reliability, hence trust and therefore
security.
• scalability
• scalable systems are those that grow in accordance with policy.
• Eg: they continue to function predictably, even as they increase in size.
Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 30
Tasks of a System/Network Administrator

• Security Management
• Firewalls
• Usernames
• Password control
• Resource Access Control

• Performance Management
• Availability
• Response Time
• Accuracy

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 31

Tasks of a System/Network Administrator

• Planning for Growth

• A Network (or any organization) is not static
• Growth means increased load on a network. This must be planned for – in
advance
• Systems eventually need replacement. This must be planned for – in advance
• Fault Management and Recovery
• Monitoring - Reporting status
• Testing
• Fixes and Patches
• Updates
• Repairs
Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 32
Tasks of a System/Network Administrator

• Account/User Management
• Communication Facilities
• Connection - Rental - Charges
• Hardware Usage
• Lease - Rent - Hire
• Consumables Usage
• Power, Paper, Media (Diskettes, CDs…)
• Software Usage
• Licensing
• Application usage

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 33

Tasks of a System/Network Administrator

• Networked Application Support

• Client / Server systems support
• Internet support
• Server support
• Applications and Hardware
• Helpdesk
• Trouble report / Bug fixes
• Printing
• eMail

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 34

How to be a good System/Network Administrator

• Learn Operating System basics eg Win/Unix

• Learn shell utilities and script programming
• Learn how to Install and Configure OS
• Learn DNS and Bind
• Learn TCP/IP networking
• Learn NFS
• Learn about system tuning and accounting
• Learn Compile and Link (eg C and make)

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 35

SA in Corporate Networked Environments

• Have team(s) of specialists in various areas

• Well defined tasks
• job descriptions
• In small networks usually one person
• multi-skilled and multi-tasked
• In reality – often somewhere in between

Wasif Feroze System and Network Administration Lecture 1, Fall 2020 36