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Photosynthesis Presentation NXPowerLite
Photosynthesis Presentation NXPowerLite
Plants also use the All biological energy comes from glucose.
glucose they produce for
energy. When plants
produce excess glucose When animals
they store it in their digest plants, they
leaves. are breaking down
the glucose bonds
to release stored
energy to power
their bodies.
Plant Chef
Glucose in Plants
Why do plants make glucose?
What is it plants do with glucose? “My masterpiece!”
Glucose
Glucose molecules can be broken
apart for energy to power reactions.
O O O O O O O O
Each atom’s movement can be traced through the photosynthesis reaction.
Each letter stands for the
A water 6
element the atom is made 1 8 molecule of
One
A carbon
of, so dioxide
the letter C means C H O
molecule has
The sunlight providesglucose
the (sugar)
molecule has 12.01
an atom of carbon. 2 hydrogenenergy 1.008 16.00
and has 6 carbon, 12
for the reaction.
1 carbon and 2
1 oxygen atoms. Hydrogen hydrogen and 6
Oxygen
oxygen atoms. Carbon
oxygen atoms.
Before After
6 carbon atoms 6 carbon atoms
If 6 carbon dioxide
If 12 water molecules are 12 oxygen atoms 12 hydrogen atoms
molecules are used
used there are 24 hydrogen 6 oxygen atoms
there are 6 carbon
atoms (12 x 2 = 24) and 12 24 hydrogen atoms 12 hydrogen atoms
atoms and 12 oxygen
oxygen atoms total. 12 oxygen atoms 6 oxygen atoms
atoms total (6 x 2 = 12).
12 oxygen atoms
6 oxygen atoms 6 oxygen atoms
If you count every atom before and 24 oxygen atoms 24 oxygen atoms
after the reaction they are balanced. 24 hydrogen atoms 24 hydrogen atoms
Through evolution, plant cells, certain bacteria
and some algae have acquired chloroplasts to
help carry out the photosynthetic reaction.
Chloroplasts are a plastid or plant cell organelle.
Chloroplasts are full of round flattened discs
called thylakoids.
Stroma is the
Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs. space inside
chloroplasts
Where did chloroplasts come from?
C B B
These photosystems harvest photons to Dark reactions occur in the stroma of
charge up energy carrying molecules that chloroplasts (the space that surrounds
will power the dark reactions. thylakoids) and fix carbon dioxide into
glucose.
Energy Carrying Molecules: ATP & NADP+ adenosine triphosphate
Both are energy carrier molecules used in
photosynthesis and cellular respiration. “ATP”
NADP+ can hold excited electrons (e-) A P P P
charged from the light energy harvested R three phosphate
by chlorophyll to become NADPH. adenosine = groups
Eventually, NADPH passes the electron adenine + ribose
it’s holding to power the dark reactions
and reverts back to NADP+.
ATP is called the “cellular currency”
because it is used to power all the
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reactions that take place in the cells
of all living things.
When ATP’s third phosphate is
N “NADP+”
broken off it releases energy that
the cell can use.
P P A
R R ATP is made when a third
phosphate group is added to
P ADP (diphosphate, di = two).
NADP is a very complex molecule, this is a simplification.
Light Reactions
T
PSII
H
Y Freed oxygen atoms bind with each other to form
the gas O2. O_ O
_
L H HO
A O2 is a byproduct 2of photosynthesis not used by
K the plant so it is released through the stomata of
O plants.
I Stomata (Greek for mouth) are little pores in O2
D leaves that open and close to let oxygen out and
carbon dioxide in.
Light Reactions
When water molecules break apart, the
remaining two hydrogen atoms have a
positive charge and are called protons.
These protons are kept inside the
thylakoid by the thylakoid membrane.
T
H
Y
L H+ H+
H+ H+ H+
A
H+ H+ H+
K
O When there are more protons inside the
I ATP thylakoid than in the stroma outside, protons
D maker want to leave the crowded thylakoid.
When the protons (H+) cross the membrane to
leave, a protein uses their passage to power
ATP production.
The protein ATP synthase attaches a phosphate group
to ADP (D = di or two) making it ATP (T = tri or three).
Light Reactions
NADP+ NADPH
T PSI
PSII NADPH then carries its energy over to
H
Y power the dark reactions or Calvin Cycle.
L
A
K
O
I
D
NADP+ NADPH
Light Reactions
Summary
T PSI
PSII
Photons are absorbed by the pigments to H
power photosystem I and photosystem II. Y O_
_
L H H
Photosystem II splits water molecules into A
two protons (H+) and oxygen atoms are K
expelled as O2 gas through the stomata. O
I ATP
maker
Protons cross the thylakoid membrane and D
power protein complex ATP synthase to make
ATP.
RuBP
Rubisco
+
Dark Reactions