FORCES

Lesson 1

Friction and Gravity

What is a Force? (p.44)

A push or a pull on an object in a

particular direction.
 CONTACT FORCES (P.44)
Force through CONTACT:
*Virtually all actions require a…

NON-CONTACT FORCES (P.46)

Does not require contact:
Magnetic:
Static:

Gravity:

Forces are measured in

NEWTONS
 GRAVITY (P.47)
An attractive force that exists between all
objects that have mass.
This force is dependent on mass and
distance from the object.
WEIGHT VS MASS (P. 48)
Mass:
Amount of matter in an object.
What is the difference?

Weight: Is the gravitational force exerted on an

object.
Your weight is actually a force measured in Newton’s.

Demonstration: Mass & Gravity

LINK
 GRAVITY AND AIR RESISTANCE

Most objects falling through air experience a type of fluid friction

called air resistance.
Air resistance is not the same for all objects.
The greater the surface area of the object the greater the air
resistance. (paper drop)
However, since the elephant has more mass, it has more
downward force of gravity and falls faster.
GRAVITY AND FREE FALL
Take away ALL
An object is in free fall when the only air, so that only
force acting on the object is gravity. the force of
Gravity is being
Free-falling objects do not encounter used.
air resistance.
In free fall, the force of gravity is an
unbalanced force.

Gravity Tube Demonstration

TRY
THIS
CALCULATING FREE FALL

All objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate – 9.8

m/s² - regardless of their mass.
in one second = 9.8 m/s²
in two seconds = 19.6 m/s²
in three seconds = 29.4 m/s²
in four seconds = ________
The velocity continues to increase as the object falls.
UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION
The law of universal gravitation states that the force of gravity acts between all
objects in the universe.

Gravity, Force and Work

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEs9J2IQIZY

(1:47 min)
 WHAT IS FRICTION? (P.49)

Friction is a force that resists the motion

of two surfaces that are touching.
When a moving object comes in contact with another object,
friction is the opposing force that slows or stops the moving
object.
*Static..prevents objects sliding

*Sliding...resists objects while they are moving

*Fluid…air or water
Without friction, an object would continue to move at
constant speed forever.

The strength of the force of friction depends on the type

of surfaces and how hard the surfaces push together.

Rough surfaces produce greater friction than smooth

surfaces.
TRY THIS
When FRICTION just isn’t there

Friction – Bill Nye

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAqrWvkBoHk
 SLIDING FRICTION

•A resistance to movement that is created when

two things rub together.
 WAYS TO REDUCE FRICTION

Smooth the surface / Put ball bearings in wheels

Replace rolling with sliding / Add oil or another type of lubricant

When friction in daily life

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvktE9lCuw8

Friction
In
Daily
Life

(5:41 min)
 FLUID FRICTION
The force that tries to slow objects down when they move through a liquid
or a gas. It's also known as "drag", or "air resistance".
All gases and liquids are fluids.
An airplane and a swimmer both experience fluid friction.