PROJECTILE MOTION

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 OBJECTIVES:
● Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a
projectile
● Investigate the relationship between the angle of
release and the height and range of the projectile
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 ● An object launched into space without motive power of its own is
called a projectile.
● Neglecting air resistance, the only force acting on a projectile is
gravity, which causes its path to deviate from a straight line.
● Receives constant downward acceleration because of the
gravitational force acting toward the center of the earth.
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 Horizontally ➔ The horizontal
Launched Projectiles launch of a projectile
is when it is thrown
parallel to the
horizon, so it moves
with a horizontal
takeoff speed only
under the influence
of its own weight.
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 Horizontally Launched Projectiles

A projectile is launched with an initial horizontal

velocity from an elevated position and follows a
parabolic path to the ground.

Predictable unknowns include the initial speed of

the projection, the initial height of the projectile,
the time of flight and the horizontal distance of
the projectile.
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 HORIZONTAL COMPONENTS:
dx = Vxt
● dx = distance along x (m)
● Vx = velocity along x (m/s)
● t = time (s)
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 VERTICAL COMPONENTS:
dy = gt²/2 t = √2dy/g
● dy = distance along y (m)
● g = 9.8 m/s (CONSTANT)
● t = time (s)
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 Problem no.1 :
15.0 m/s
A marble rolls off the edge of the table
top with the initial speed of 15.0m/s. In
0.50s, how far does it travel from a) the t= 0.50 s
top of the table to the ground and the b)
dy =?
distance of the ball from the table after
falling?
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dx =?
 Problem no.2:
2.4 m/s
A pool ball leaves a 0.60 meter high table
with an initial horizontal velocity of 2.4
m/s. a) Predict the time required for the t=?
pool ball to fall to the ground and b) the
dy=0.60m
horizontal distance between the table’s
edge and the ball’s landing location.
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dx=?
 Problem no.3 :
Mike throws a stone horizontally at a speed of 3.2 m/s from the top of a
cliff that is 67.4 m high.
a. How long does it take the stone to reach the bottom of the cliff?
b. How far from the base of the cliff does the stone hit the ground?
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 Projectile Launched at an Angle:
If a projectile is launched upward at an angle,
its velocity has two components:

1. A constant horizontal velocity that travels in

the same way as the launch,the acceleration of
which is zero.

2. A rising positive vertical velocity component

that is decreasing in magnitude until it becomes
zero at the top of the trajectory (therefore, it no
longer goes up any further)
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 SIMULATION ACTIVITY: CANNON BALL

● Carefully observe the motion of the cannon ball and study your
trial history to figure out how to hit the target.
● Adjust the cannon firing angle and velocity so that the cannon
may hit its target.

GUIDE QUESTION:

● How does the angle of projection affect the range and maximum
height of the projectile?
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 Objects are released at a certain angle from
the horizontal. In this case, we can use the
following equations to describe the motion of
an object moving in projectile motion.

Vx= vcosӨ
Vy= vsinӨ
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 Sample Problem:

An object is projected from the ground with an initial velocity of 24.5 m/s at
30° above the horizontal. Find a) horizontal and vertical components of its
initial velocity, b) time to reach the maximum height, c) time of flight d)
maximum height attained by the object, e) speed at the maximum height, f)
range and the g)velocity upon striking the ground.
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 References:
❏ https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/L
esson-2/What-is-a-Projectile
❏ https://www.ck12.org/physics/Projectile-Motion/
❏ https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volu
me-1/pages/4-3-projectile-motion
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