Basic Workshop Practice

Wolkite University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 Chapter 1
Introduction
 Workshop practice

Gives the basic knowledge for the

production of various engineering products.
Explains the construction function and the
use of various working tools, measuring
tools, equipment and machines as well as
techniques of manufacturing a product from
its raw material.
 Manufacturing Process
Considered as the general name given
for the method of processing metals or
non- Metals in order to obtain various
shapes.
Divided in to five groups.
1. Primary shaping process
2. Secondary shaping process
3. Joining process
4. Surface finishing process
5. Process changing to metal property
General safety
Before you can do anything in a workshop,
You need to understand how to
protect yourself and those around
you .
You need to know how to use each
hand and machine tool in a safe
manner.
 Safety in the workshop may be classified into four general
categories.
Personal grooming (neat and tidy appearance)
House keeping
Handling tools and materials
Operating machines
The following Precautions must be observed while working in
shop;
Always wear uniform and approval footwear
Make sure loose closing, sleeves or long hair tied back
Follow all warning or safety notices
Plan your work in careful and orderly way
Make sure you have sufficient space.
Always keep your mind on the job.
Always try to learn sincerely from the instructor.
Make sure that your work is not affecting
anybody in the workshop.
Always keep in mind about the position of the
fire extinguisher and the first aid box.
In case of any fire, the electronic supply
should be disconnected.
Never touch any switch, knob or lever of the
machine without knowing it.
Never touch moving parts, belts or rotating
parts.
Never operate any machine unless you do not
know how to operate it.
 Chapter 2

Benchwork and fitting

Introduction
The term bench work
Relates to work performed by the mechanic at the
machinist’s bench with hand tools rather than
machine tools.
Denotes the production of our article by hand on the
bench.
Operations that can be performed are;

Sawing,
Filing and Scraping.
Measuring tools
Calipers
Used for the measurement or comparison of linear dimension
Precision of +/-0.05mm can be achieved
Two types Outside caliper (To measure external dimensions)
Inside calipers( To measure internal dimensions)
Diameter of hole
Width of slot
Outside caliper
Inside caliper
Transferring a dimension from one place to another
Verinier Caliper

Parts of the Verinier Caliper

Precise tools capable of measuring
External dimensions(1)
Internal dimensions (2)
Depth (3)
Reading a Verinier Caliper
1)Read the centimeter mark on the fixed scale to the left of the 0-mark
on the vernier scale (10mm on the fixed caliper).
2) Find the millimeter mark on the fixed scale that is just to the left of the
0-mark on the vernier scale. (6mm on the fixed caliper)
3) Look along the ten marks on the vernier scale and the millimeter marks
on the adjacent fixed scale, until you find the two that most nearly line up.
(0.25mm on the vernier scale)
4). To get the correct reading, simply add this found digit to your previous
reading. (10mm + 6mm + 0.25mm= 16.25 mm)
Exercise
What is the reading in the caliper shown?

A) 3.51cm
B) 3.57cm
C) 3.62cm
D) 3.67cm
Solution
Read the “0” position of the vernier scale on the main scale to get a
rough reading.
Rough reading = 3.6cm
Look along the vernier scale until one of the vernier division coincides
with the main scale
Accurate reading = 3.67cm
Verinier height gauge
Used to measure;
Height of an object
OR
For marking lines onto
an object of given distance
from a datum base
Micrometer
More precise measuring instrument than the Verinier
Caliper.
Types
Outside micrometer
Inside micrometer
Depth micrometer
Reading outside micrometer
The first significant figure is taken from the last graduation
showing on the sleeve directly to the left of the revolving
thimble.
Note that an additional half scale division (0.5 mm) must be
included if the mark below the main scale is visible between
the thimble and the main scale division on the sleeve.
The remaining two significant figures (hundredths of a
millimeter) are taken directly from the thimble opposite the
main scale.
 
Examples 1
In figure the last graduation
visible to the left of the thimble
is 7 mm and the thimble lines
up with the main scale at 38
hundredths of a millimeter
(0.38 mm); therefore the
reading is 7.38 mm.
Example 2

In the figure the last graduation

visible to the left of the thimble is
7.5 mm; therefore the reading is
7.5 mm plus the thimble reading
of 0.22 mm,  giving 7.72 mm.