ST.

MARY'S GROUP OF
INSTITUTIONS
Seminar-1
Topic:- Electric Vehicle
TOPICS TO BE COVERED IN THIS SESSION :

What is Electric vehicle? And Need of Electric Vehicle.

Electric vehicle Concept’s.
Different Component’s OF Electric Vehicle.
EV Mechanical Working (or) Composition.
Battery Of Electric Vehicle.

Team Member’s:
1: D. Rahul
2.A.Praveen Kumar
3.Md.Sohail
4.Md.Fahad Sameer
 WHAT IS ELECTRIC VEHICLE?

An Electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for

propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from
extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes
charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or
a generator , Its mostly charged by external electricity provided at home’s or charge
bank’s).EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface
and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.
EXAMPLE MODELS AND IMAGE’S OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE:-

EVs first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was
among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level
of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline
cars of the time. Internal combustion engines were the dominant propulsion
method for cars and trucks for about 100 years, but electric power remained
commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of
all types.
NEED OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE?

Key to reduce Carbon footprint & Urban pollution.

Can be upgraded just like your phone.

Lot easier to maintain & own.

Only going to get cheaper.

Deliver all the torque immediately.

It doesn’t get quicker than Evs.

 ELECTRIC VECHILE CONCEPT :-

EV is a road vehicle based on modern electric propulsion consisting of electric

machines, power electronic converters, electric energy sources and storage devices, and
electronic controllers.

Regenerative breaking is possible in EVs.

EV is not only just a car but a new system for our society’s clean and efficient road
transportation.

EV is an intelligent system which can be integrated with modern transportation

networks.

EV design involves the integration of art and engineering.

More advancements are to be done to make them affordable.

 Different Component’s Of Electric Vehicle’s :-
Basic Main Components of Electrical Vehicle:

The basic main elements of electric cars installed in almost all types of electric cars are as
follows:

Electric Motor

Controller And Inverter

AC/DC Converter

Thermal Traction Battery Pack

System
Cooling
Charger Port

Transmission
Battery
On Board Charger
 Different Component’s Of Electric Vehicle’s :-
Traction Battery Pack (A):

The function of the battery in an electric car is as an

electrical energy storage system in the form of direct-current
electricity (DC). If it gets a signal from the controller, the battery
will flow DC electrical energy to the inverter to then be used to
drive the motor.

Power Inverter (B):

The inverter functions to change the direct current (DC) on the

battery into an alternating current (AC) and then this alternating
current is used by an electric motor.
 Different Component’s Of Electric Vehicle’s :-
Controller (C):
The main function of the controller is as a regulator of electrical
energy from batteries and inverters that will be distributed to
electric motors. While the controller itself gets the main input
from the car pedal (which is set by the driver). 

Electric Traction Motor (D):

Because the controller provides electrical power from the

traction battery, the electric traction motors will work turning
the transmission and wheels.

Charger (E):
Charger (E) is a battery charging device. Chargers get electricity
from outside sources, such as the utility grid or solar power
plants. AC electricity is converted into DC electricity and then
stored in the battery. 
 Different Component’s Of Electric Vehicle’s :-

Transmission (F): The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric

traction motor to drive the wheels.

DC/DC Converter (G): This one of electric car parts that to converts higher-
voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power
needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.

Battery (H): In an electric drive vehicle, the auxiliary battery provides electricity
to power vehicle accessories.

Thermal System – Cooling (I): This system maintains a proper operating

temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other
components.

Charge Port (J): The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external
power supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.
 WORKING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-
Electric cars function by plugging into a charge point and taking electricity from the
grid. They store the electricity in rechargeable batteries that power an electric motor,
which turns the wheels. Electric cars accelerate faster than vehicles with traditional
fuel engines – so they feel lighter to drive.

PROPULSIONM
SYSTEM
WHEEL’S

CONTROLLER

ENERGY AUXILIARY
SOURCE SYSTEM

Electric Propulsion system:

Generates the necessary power to the wheels. Includes transmission and energy
management system.
 WORKING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

Energy source :
Consists of energy sources like fossil fuel, battery or fuel cells. Generates or accepts
energy. The energy storage unit will have a way to store power.  A
chemical battery is the most common energy storage technology
currently, although it can be different - for example - A fuel cell
(which gets its electricity from hydrogen rather than a battery pack),
can be used instead of a chemical battery as the energy storage unit.
Auxiliary power system :
Supplies power to auxiliaries like AC, Fan, Lightning system etc.
Controller :
The controller acts as a pipeline or gateway to the electric motor. The
controller will do other things too- it moderates the power, will also
act as a converter - converts power from DC to AC, or it might also
increase or decrease the amperage etc. The controller is the brains of
the system.
 WORKING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

Controller [C] takes and regulates electrical energy from batteries [A] and inverters [B].

With the controller set, the inverter then sends a certain amount of electrical energy to the motor
(according to the depth of pressure on the pedal).

Electric motor [D] converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotation).

Rotation of the motor rotor rotates the transmission so the wheels turn and then the car moves.
 BATTERY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

Energy storage systems, usually batteries, are essential for hybrid electric
vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and all-electric
vehicles (EVs).

Types of Energy Storage Systems:

The following energy storage systems are used:

Lithium-Ion Batteries:

Lithium-ion batteries are currently used in most portable consumer electronics

such as cell phones and laptops because of their high energy per unit mass
relative to other electrical energy storage systems. They also have a high
power-to-weight ratio, high energy efficiency, good high-temperature
performance, and low self-discharge. Most components of lithium-ion
batteries can be recycled, but the cost of material recovery remains a
challenge for the industry.
 BATTERY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

Lithium-Ion Batteries
Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries:

Nickel-metal hydride batteries, used routinely in computer and medical

equipment, offer reasonable specific energy and specific power capabilities.
Nickel-metal hydride batteries have a much longer life cycle than lead-acid
batteries and are safe and abuse tolerant. The main challenges with nickel-
metal hydride batteries are their high cost, high self-discharge and heat
generation at high temperatures, and the need to control hydrogen loss.
 BATTERY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries

Ultracapacitors:

Ultracapacitors store energy in a polarized liquid between an electrode and an

electrolyte. Energy storage capacity increases as the liquid's surface area
increases. Ultracapacitors can provide vehicles additional power during
acceleration and hill climbing and help recover braking energy. They may also
be useful as secondary energy-storage devices in electric-drive vehicles
because they help electrochemical batteries level load power
 BATTERY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE :-

Ultracapacitors

References :-
Online Web-Site’s

Chan C. C. and Chau K. T., “Modern Electric Vehicle Technology,” Oxford Uni. Press, 2001.

Riezenman M. J., “Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Spectrum, Nov. 1992

Chan C.C., “The state of the Art of Electric and Hybrid vehicles,” Proc. of the IEEE, vol. 90, no. 2, Feb. 2002.

I. Husain, “Electric and hybrid vehicles: Design Fundamentals,” CRC Press, New York, 2003.