SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility

Robert Galyen
Chairman Battery Standards Steering Committee
for Global Ground Vehicle Standards
SAE International
May 18, 2012

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Content
SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility
 Brief SAE International Overview
 Vehicle Electrification – A New Era of Mobility
 Vehicle Battery Standards in Development
 Recommended Practices Related to Safety in Development
 Electro Mobility Technology Enablers
 Conductive and Inductive Charging Interface Standards Overview
 Other HEV and EV Standards
 [Not covered here –Hydrogen Fuel Cell Standard Activities]
 Conclusions

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Standards is Our Business

Coherence

Openness Transparency
SAE develops
international
standards
in accordance
with WTO
Technical Barrier
to Trade
Addressing agreement (TBT)
the concerns Impartiality
of &
developing Consensus
countries

Effectiveness
&
Relevance

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 40 SAE
SAE International Today
references in
Canadian 78 SAE references in ISO regulations
regulations 27 SAE references in UNECE regulations
25 SAE references in Global Technical Regulations

9 SAE references
293 SAE references
in Japan’s
in US regulations
regulations
(93 Unique Standards)

37 SAE references
in Australian
Global Influence: regulations
• 128,000 Members From Over 100 Nations
• SAE Committee members represent 51 countries
• SAE Standards Referenced in countries all over the world
Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium
 New Era of Mobility
Converging Technologies:
• Electrified Automobile
• Electric Smart Grid
• Connected/Autonomous Vehicle

Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Devices Vehicle-to-Infrastructure

(V2V) (V2I)
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 The Future of Electrification - Successful Implementation
Challenges:
• Consumer Needs
• Technology
• New Infrastructures
• Governmental Regulations

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 The Future of Electrification –
Successful Implementation
Utilities
Interoperability
Is it going to work?
Every time? All the time?
Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium
SAE J2953 – “Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV)
Interoperability with Electric Vehicle
Supply Equipment (EVSE)” – Work in
Progress
Government/Industry Research Project
DOE Project: Advanced Vehicle Testing and
Evaluation - Infrastructure Test and
Evaluation
Establish requirements, specifications, test
procedures and certification processes to
ensure the interoperability of PEV’s and
PHEV’s and Electric Vehicle Supply
Equipment (EVSE).
• Interoperability
• Reliability
• Charger efficiency
• Vehicle to grid communication
• Bi-directional power flow
 Electric Vehicle Technology Development

Technology Enablers
New EV Technologies require knowledge and expertise gained through Collaboration
• Vehicle Electrification
• Energy Storage Devices
• Power Electronics and Power Motors
• V2V and V2I DSRC Communications
• Conductive Charging
• Inductive Charging • Research
• EV Safety (First and Second responders) • Collaborative Efforts
• Grid Interface & Communications • Industry Standards

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
SAE Electro-Mobility Ground Vehicle Standards
Development Activities
Volunteer, consensus based Vehicle Electrification
standards development process • EV, PHEV’s
• Batteries
• Total Committees: 580 • Smart Grid
• J1772™ Connector
• Total Committee Members:
8,064
Leading SDO in NIST Roadmap
• Total Standards Published : for Smart Grid interoperability
10,077 (Ground Vehicle
2,081)
• 24 active committees
• Active Standards: 8,635 • 774 committee members
(Ground Vehicle 1,681)
• 52 standards developed or
• Standards In Development in process
/Review: 657

SAE International is a leading standards organization identified in the

NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid and "Interoperability
Standards to Support Plug-In Electric Vehicles."

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Vehicle Battery Standards
SAE Vehicle Battery
Standards Committee
• The SAE Battery Standards Committee leads the way in
standardization for batteries which will play a predominate roll in
transportation of the future
• Standardization efforts cover all aspects of the cell, module, pack
or vehicle for form-fit-function, safety, testing, validation,
manufacturing, shipping, transportation, emergency response,
service, recovery and recycling through the value chain in society

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Vehicle Battery Standards
Advanced
Battery Battery
Start/Stop Concepts Testing
Equipment
Battery Standards Steering Committee Secondary Battery
• Started – Nov. 2009 Use Safety

• Current Committee Membership

Capacitive
 >420 Representatives Energy
Battery
Packaging
 >175 Individual Participants
SAE Battery Small Task
 >140 Companies Disconnect
& Standards Oriented
Vehicle
– OEM’s Discharge Steering Batteries
Committee
– Suppliers Truck and Hybrid
Bus Battery
– Government Batteries Testing
– Academia
Battery Battery
Recycling Materials
New Committees under Development 18 Committees
Testing

• Aerospace Battery
Starter Battery
• Unified Battery Warranty Approach Battery Labeling

• 1st and 2nd Responders Committee Battery Battery

Electronic
Battery
Transport Terminology
(Hybrid Committee) Fuel
Gauging

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 J2990 Recommended Practice
on Electrified Vehicle Response
for First and Second Responders
- WIP
Study Groups Scope

1 Standardization of Emergency Response Guidelines

2 Identifying Electric Vehicles (“Badging”)

3 Methods for Disabling HV System at the Accident Scene

4 Inspection Process for Vehicle & Batteries Post Crash

5 Tow & Recovery Procedures

6 Isolation of Vehicles in Storage Post-Tow, Prior to Inspection

7 Communication Issues – 24-hour Emergency Number

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Vehicle Sound for Pedestrians/Quiet Cars
J2889/1 Measurement of Minimum Noise
Emitted by Road Vehicles
(in ballot)

• SAE Human Factors Committee activity launched by SAE Hybrid

Committee to address of pedestrians raised by electric drive.
• Coordinated with NHTSA, National Federation of the Blind, and
OEMs.

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
EV or PHEV require multitude of

Simply Connecting? standards:

• Physical connectors
• Interfaces
• Power levels
• Battery standards
Electric Utility • Energy exchange protocols
Power System • V2G communication protocols
(Utility) (between vehicles and the grid)

Electric Vehicle Smart Energy 2.0

Energy Transfer
System
(EV – ETS)
Electric
Vehicle
Supply
EV
Equipment

(EVSE)

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
System Approach to Safety National Electrical Code
Article 625 – Electric
Vehicle Charging System
I – General
II – Wiring Methods
III – Equipment
Construction
On Board Battery Charger IV – Control & Protection
UL 2202. V – EV Supply Equipment
Locations

J2929 EV and PHEV propulsion UL 2231-1

Battery System Safety Personnel Protection
Standard Systems for EV Supply
J2344 Guidelines for EV Safety Circuits
J1766 Recommended Practice
for EV / HEV Battery Systems UL 2231-2
Crash Testing Protection Devices for
J2464 EV / HEV RESS Safety Use in Charging Systems
and Abuse Testing
UL2594
Outline for Investigation
IEEE related PEV charging / Charging plug for EV Supply
SG standards: P2030, Charging inlet UL 2251. Equipment
P1547 & P1901
SAE J1772™

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Linking Standards
IEC EN 62660-1&2
IEC EN 61982-2&3
SAE J1766
Testing for
Lithium-ion cells EV/PHEV Crash
Integrity Testing SAE J1772™
SAE J2929 ISO 23273 PEV Conductive
EV/HEV Fuel Cell Vehicle Charge Coupler
Battery Safety Safety
IEC 61851 PEV Standard
Conductive
Charging System
SAE J2578
Fuel Cell SAE J2380
Vehicle
Vibration Testing
Safety of Electric Vehicle
FMVSS 305 Batteries
Electric Powered
SAE J2344 Vehicles;
Guidelines for
Electrolyte Spillage
Electric Vehicle SAE J2464 and Electrical
Safety
Electric Vehicle Shock Protection ISO 6469 IEC 62196
Battery Abuse EV Safety Industrial plugs
Testing and socket
outlets

EV / PHEV Safety Standards

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium
 Technology Enablers
EV / PHEV Charging Interface
SAE Hybrid Vehicle Committees are leading the effort to define
charging functionality and standardize the connection hardware
from EV to EVSE

SAE-J1772 Standard defines:

• Charging capacity & operating voltage by
“Level” – AC 1 & 2
• Electrical safety & circuit protection of
EVSE
• Physical properties of the connector
• EV to EVSE communications & charging
controls

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers

Next Generation – Combo Connector

Photo courtesy of REMA North America

The Combo Charge Connector” standard sets

the foundation for a combined charging system for
electric vehicles in Europe and North America

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
Relevant Standards for the Charging Interface (Europe and US)
5 4

Interoperability Charging Topology

SAE J2953/1 IEEE P2030/.1/.2/.3 IEEE P1547/.1/.2/.3

2
SAE J2953/2 Communication
SAE J2847/1 SAE J2931/1 IEEE P1901/.2
1 3
SAE J2931/2
SAE J2836/1 SAE J2847/2 Safety
Connector SAE J2931/3
SAE J2847/3 SAE J2836/4 IEC 60529
IEC 62196-2 SAE J2931/4 IEC 60364-7-722
SAE J2836/2 IEC 62196-1 IEC 62196-3
SAE J2847/4 SAE J2931/5 ISO 6469-3
SAE J2836/5 ISO 17409
SAE J2847/5 SAEJ1772 SAE J2931/6
SAE J2931/7 SAE J1766
SAE J2836/3 SAE J2847/6
ISO/IEC 15118 SAE J2344
SAE J2836/6
IEC 61851-24 IEC 61850 SAE J2929
IEC 61851-1 IEEE 80211P IEC 61851-23 SAE J2578
SAE J2464
IEC 61851-21 IEC 61851-22 SAE J2380

Courtesy of Initiative Charging Interface by Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche, VW (coordinated by Dr. Heiko Dörr,heiko.doerr@carmeq.com)

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers

SAE Communication Standards

SAE J2847
SAE J2836
Detailed
™ Scope Scope
Info
Use cases
Messages
/1 Utility Programs * Utility Programs * /1
/2 Off-Board Charger Off-Board Charger /2
Communications Communications
/3 Reverse Energy Flow Reverse Energy Flow /3
/4 Diagnostics Diagnostics /4
/5 Customer and HAN Customer and HAN /5
/6 Wireless charging Wireless Charging /6

Note: J2836/3 (Reverse Power Flow) use cases (WIP) coordinated with IEEE 1547.4 & .8 specs.

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
SAE Communication Standards
SAE J2931 Scope

/1 Power Line Carrier Communications for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/2 In-Band Signaling Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/3 PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/4 Broadband PLC Communication for Plug-in Electric Vehicles

/5 Telematics Smart Grid Communications between Customers,
Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEV), Energy Service Providers (ESP)
and Home Area Networks (HAN)
/6 Digital Communication for Wireless Charging Plug-in Electric
Vehicles
/7 Security for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Communications

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
SAE J2954 Standard in Development
• Inductive Charging Technologies
• Wireless Connection
• Power Transfer Communications
• Smart Grid Interoperability /
Wireless Charging of EV’s & PHEV’s Programmability
• Level 2 Charging (3.3 kWh)
• Battery System Fault Monitoring
• Automatic Shutdown Capability

Who’s Involved?
Potential Charging Locations:
• Auto and Commercial Vehicle OEM’s
• Residential
(11)
• Public
• Automotive Suppliers
• On-Road • Organizations (laboratories,
• Static (parking lots, curb side) government agencies, universities,
• Dynamic (embedded in roadway) SDO’s, power companies)

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Technology Enablers
Other Supporting SAE EV, HEV, and PHEV Standards
SAE JXXXX Scope

1711 Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions

and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In
Hybrid Vehicles
2344 Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety

2894 Power Quality Requirements for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Chargers

– in ballot.
1715 Hybrid Electric (HEV) & Electric Vehicle EV) Terminology – 2008
version – revision in progress.
1773 SAE Electric Vehicle Inductively Coupled Charging
2907 Power Rating Method for Automotive Electric Propulsion Motor
and Power Electronics Sub-System – defined; work not started.

2908 Power Rating Method for Hybrid-Electric and Battery Electric

Vehicle Propulsion – defined; work not started.

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 Conclusions
SAE Standards to Support Electro-Mobility

 SAE Standards to support Electro-Mobility (Finished or in

Development) include:
 Vehicle Battery Standards - in Development
 Recommended Practices for Responders and Safety - in Development
 Electro Mobility Technology Enablers
 Conductive and Wireless Charging Interface Standards
 Other HEV and EV Standards

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium

 SAE Contacts
Keith Wilson
Technical Project Manager
SAE International – Global Ground Vehicle Standards
755 W. Big Beaver, Suite 1600
Troy, MI 48084-4903 USA
Office: 248.273.2470
email: kwilson@sae.org

Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium