ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

VI
DAIGNOSTICS

GROUP MEMBERS- ANUBHAV GUPTA

PRANAV SHARMA
SAALIM
JIA BHATT
 Diagnosis

• Diagnostics is defined as the identification of

diseases by the examination of symptoms
and signs and by other investigations an
opinion or conclusion so reached .
Types of Diagnostic Testing

Laboratory diagnosis: A diagnosis Radiology diagnosis: A

based significantly on laboratory
reports or test results, rather than
diagnosis based primarily on
the physical examination of the the results from medical
patient. imaging studies.
 Area of laboratory

A. Layout for PHC: An average lab load of 10-20

Architectural patients and a limited scope of testing exist for PHC
labs. A minimum area of 10 m2 thesis defined for this.
Considerations for B. Layout for CHC: An average lab load of 30- 50
patients per day is defined for CHCs and a minimum
laboratory design area of 90 m2 is suggested for this
C. Layout for District Hospitals: The bed strength
and hence IPD strength is variable from 100- 500
plus.. An average lab load of 100 upwards can be
expected. A minimum area of 150 m2 is suggested for
a lab load with 100 collections.
•Black lines –

•Lab sample path

• Sampling
• Sample Reception
• Sample preparation
• Sample Analysis
• Washing Room
• Autoclave Room
• Out

• Red Line: Reagent Path

• Blue Line: Report
PHC LAYOUT

TOTAL AREA- 3800 X 2700

CHC LAYOUT

TOTAL AREA- 90.3 SQ.M.

DH LAYOUT

TOTAL AREA- 151.37 SQ.M.

 1. Corridors: Internal Corridor width should be not less
than 2550 mm. Corridors and passages to exits should be
clear of obstructions.
2. Ceilings: The minimum clear ceiling height in
laboratory should be 3000 mm.
3. Entry to the laboratory: A lobby (buffer space) at
each laboratory exit should form the boundary between
the laboratory and non- laboratory space. This will allow
for the hygienic, safe and secure laboratory spaces.

Considerations for 4. Safety and Infection control: First-aid areas or rooms

near laboratory suitably equipped and readily accessible
laboratory design should be available. An emergency tray to be available
24x7 with lifesaving drugs.
• A method and adequate space for decontaminating all
laboratory wastes should be available in the facility
(e.g., autoclave, chemical disinfection, or other
validated decontamination method).
• The laboratory equipped with fire/emergency exits,
and all fire exits lead to an open space outside.
• Specified locations for fire extinguishers, fire
blankets should be available
 Flooring and Base Materials
Floor materials should be non-absorbent, skid-proof, resistant to wear, and also
resistant to the adverse effects of acids, solvents, and detergents in normal use.
Flooring be monolithic or have a minimal number of joints such as vinyl
composition tile (VCT).
Walls
Wall surfaces should be free from cracks, unsealed penetrations, and imperfect
junctions with ceiling and floors.
Materials Materials should be washable with strong detergents and disinfectants and be
capable of withstanding the impact of normal traffic.
Ceilings
Ceilings such as washable lay-in acoustical tiles (with smooth surface) or any
suitable suspended ceiling tiles should be provided for most laboratory spaces.
Windows and window Treatment
Energy- efficient glass in windows are recommended.
Laboratory windows that open to the exterior are not recommended. However,
if a laboratory does have windows that open to the exterior, they must be fitted
with screens.
  Radiology 

• Radiology department is one of the focal

point of any hospital or a medical center
and setting up such a facility requires a
very careful planning and a vision for
the future.
location
• Preferably on the ground floor
Sophisticated machines like CT and MRI are best placed on the ground
floor

• In addition to walk in patients, the department also caters to emergency

patients who may not be able to walk or need urgent scanning for
establishing the diagnosis

• Should be easily accessible to

OPD patients,
inpatients
emergency department.
 • Reception area
• Preprocedural and changing rooms
Spaces • Investigation rooms
• Reporting room
 • Patient entering should immediately know
where to go /approach
• Well lit,
• adequate space for
sitting

Reception Area trolleys and wheel chairs

• Person-in-charge
qualified and well versed with various types
of radiological studies;
prime responsibility of scheduling the studies
for the patients
 • Nearly every radiological investigation
needs some type of preparation

Preprocedural and • To remove any metallic clips or rings for

X-rays
changing rooms • Changing into hospital gown
• Screening for any metallic item on the
patient before MRI
 • A modern radiological setup should have minimum of
1. one digital X-ray unit,
2. one fluoroscopic unit and
Investigation 3. one mammographic unit,

rooms 4.
5.
one sonographic unit,
one CT scan,
6. one MRI unit
• X-ray, fluoroscopic and CT scan emit ionising radiation
special care required for construction of rooms
 • Rooms, housing diagnostic X-ray units and related equipment, shall be
located as far away as feasible from areas of
• high occupancy and general traffic, such as
maternity and
paediatric wards and

Location of • other departments of the hospital that are not directly related to radiation
and its use.
X-Ray
Installation
• If the installation is located in a residential complex, it shall be ensured that
–

• Wall(s) of the X-ray rooms on which

1. primary X-ray beam falls is (are) not </= 35 cm thick brick
2. scattered X-ray fall is (are) not </= 23 cm thick brick
• Door(s) and windows of the X-ray room
1. Shielding equivalent to at least 23 cm thick brick or 1.7 mm lead in front
Radiography and Fluoroscopy

• Radiography and Fluoroscopy

equipment: Couch, Control console
and chest stand
• In such a way that chest stand is on
the opposite wall of the entrance
door and the control console.
• Mobile protective Fluoroscopy
carrier with lead equivalent glass
viewing window should be
positioned in such a manner that the
operator is completely shielded
during the exposure. - Control
console should be positioned as far
away as possible from the x-ray
tube.
 Standard
Layout of X-
ray
Installation
Computed Tomography

• Computed Tomography and

Interventional radiology
equipment: Gantry / C-Arm,
Couch, Separate control console
room, viewing window,
• Position the gantry and couch such
that the patient is completely
visible from the control console,
during the scanning
• The entrance door to the gantry
room from the control console
shall have similar requirements as
the patient entrance door.
 Standard
Layout of
CT
Installation
 • The size of the room housing the gantry of the CT unit shall not be
less than 25m2.
COMPUTED • The control panel of CT shall be installed in a separate room located
outside but adjoining to CT room and provided with
TOMOGRAPHY • appropriate shielding,
ROOM • direct viewing and
• oral communication
facilities between the operator and the patient.
Standard
Layout of
Interventional
Radiology
Installation
Mammography
• Standard gypsum wallboard construction is
usually adequate to shield the walls of
mammography facility (as per thickness given
below)
• Solid core wooden door ( 5 cm thick) leading
to corridors outside a mammography room
provide adequate shielding. Standard wooden
doors may not be sufficient if the shielded area
has significant occupancy.
• Standard concrete construction provides
adequate barriers above and below
mammographic facilities
• Lead lined walls and doors are usually not
required
 Standard
Layout of
Mammography
Installation
Ultrasonography
Room
• Since ultrasound machines do
not emit any ionising radiation,
it is possible to house them in a
general room without any
special construction guidelines.
• A well designed sonography
room should have
ambient light control,
an examination trolley/bed,
a changing room and
a washroom
 • In a modern department, nearly all reporting is done on
dedicated workstations.
• Different from conventional setups where first X-ray, CT or
MRI images are printed on films and then send for reporting.
A filmless setup is
Reporting Room cheaper,
environment friendly,
easier to maintain and useful.
• Big enough to house separate reporting consoles for all
radiologists who are working.
Radiology Plan
Reception Area
X ray
CT Scan
Sample and Reporting