OPERATION

THEATRE
COMPLEX
BY
SOWBHAKYA LAKSHMI RA
 OPERATION THEATRE COMPEX
AGENDA
• INTRODUCTION
• ZONING
• LOCATION
• PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
• PLANS AND ACTIVITY STUDY
• IMPORTANT CONDITONS IN OT
• SURGERY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

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INTRODUCTION

Subtitle
 • In the surgical department, treatment is
given to the patients whose conditions
have been diagnosed but cannot be cured

INTRODUCTION
solely with medication.

• It should be close to the intensive care

department, the recovery room and the
central sterilisation area because there is
extensive interaction between these
departments and so easy access must be
assured.

• The hygiene precautions require the

surgical unit to be isolated from the rest of
the hospital operations. This is achieved by
a demarcation system using lobbies

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ZONING
Four zones can be described in an O T complex, based on varying degrees of cleanliness, in which the bacteriological count
progressively diminishes from the outer to the inner zones (operating area) and is maintained by a differential decreasing
positive pressure ventilation gradient from the inner zone to the outer zone.
(1) Protective zone: It includes
• Change rooms for all medical and paramedical staff with conveniences
• Transfer bay for patient, material & equipments
• Rooms for administrative staff
• Stores & records
• Pre & post-operative rooms
• I.C.U. and P.A.C.U.
• Sterile stores
(2) Clean zone: Connects protective zone to aseptic zone and has other areas also like
• Stores & cleaner room
• Equipment store room
• Maintenance workshop
• Kitchenette (pantry)
• Firefighting device room
• Emergency exits
• Service room for staff
• Close circuit TV control area
(3) Aseptic zone -Includes operation rooms (sterile)
(4) Disposal zone -Disposal areas from each OR & corridor lead to disposal zone
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LOCATION
 • When deciding the location of the surgical
department, service relationships with other
operations centres must be checked.

LOCATION
• These include reception, the emergency
service, casualty surgery, obstetrics, endoscopy
and specialist clinics.

• Surgical departments are best located centrally

in the core area of the hospital where they are
easy to reach.

• The reception area for emergency cases

(casualties) must be as close as possible to the
surgical area since such patients often need to
be moved into surgery immediately.

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 Click icon to add picture The preferred location is on the same floor as the
surgical wards, which may be the ground floor. It
should be connected to the surgical ward by the
simplest possible route.

LOCATION
It should also:
• adjoin the central sterile supply department;
• be easily accessible from the accident and
emergency department
• be easily accessible for the delivery suite
• adjoin the intensive care unit
• be located in a cul-de-sac, so that entry and exit
can be controlled and there should be no through-
traffic.
• To avoid airborne contamination, operating
theatres and the main clean supply area should be
slightly pressurised.

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PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
 CORRIDOR SYSTEM:
• The corridor system is separated into staff corridors

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
with links to the functional rooms and pre-operative
and post-operative patient corridors. Minimum width
of the corridor must be 2.85m.
• A requirement when planning a new building is that it
must be expandable on at least one side.
OT RECEPTION:
It is the area where OT nursing personnel receive patients.
Here patients and his records are checked.
WAITING AREA:
Waiting area for relatives.
OFFICER-IN-CHARGE ROOM:
• They coordinate activities in conjunction with the
trauma resuscitation unit, general hospital units, and
the post anesthesia care unit. other activities included
staff education, competency testing, scheduling, and
other administrative duties such as budgeting.

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 • coordinates patient flow from other hospital units
into the operating room.

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
• This includes ensuring that the patient is ready
for surgery, surgeon is available to perform the
surgery and the operating room is cleaned, and
prepared with the appropriate equipment for the
planned surgery, and a competent operating room
staff is assigned.

DOCTOR AND NURSE, TECHNICIAN CHANGE

ROOM:
• Men and women change dress from street cloth
to OT attire; lockers and lavatory are essential;
rest room etc. are desirable.
• Access to staff changing rooms should be made
from the entry side of the transfer area. At both
the transfer area and the theatre side of the
changing rooms, space must be provided for the
storage, putting on and removal of theatre shoes.

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 Click icon to add picture STERILE STORE:

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
• It is storage space for storing all the steriled
objects such as sterile linens, sterile trays,
sterile drums with sponges, dressings, cotton
swabs, bandages, sterile rubber sheets,
catheters, sutures, syringes, infusion &
transfusion sets.
• The cabinets of store rooms should be made up
of such materials which can be cleaned &
washed without being damaged.
STRETCHER BAY:
• When patients are transported from their
inpatient room to the medical imaging
department for a test, they are often taken on a
stretcher.
• Stretcher bays are a comfortable and safe space
for inpatients to wait before or after a
diagnostic procedure that is separate from more
mobile patients.

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 PRE OPERATIVE ROOM:

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
• Review your medication list, with recommendations for
how to take your medications prior to surgery. Review
your medical, surgical and family history. Include a
physical exam.
• Prepare you for the surgery.
RECOVERY ROOM:
A recovery room is a room in a hospital where patients are
placed after they have had an operation under anesthesia, so
that they can be monitored while they recover.
ANAESTHETIC ROOM:
• The anaesthetic room will provide a more tranquil atmo-
sphere to the patient than the OT.
• It should provide space for anaesthetic trolleys and
equipment and should be located with direct access to
circulation corridors and ready access to the operating
room.
• It will also allow cleaning, testing and storing of anaes-
thesia equipment. It should contain work benches, sink(s).
It should have sufficient power outlets and medical gas
panels for testing of equipment.

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 PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
SURGICAL ROOM:
• The operating theatre should be designed to be as
square as possible to allow working whatever
direction the operating table is turned in.
• A suitable size would be 6.50 x 6.50 m, with a
clear height of 3.00 m and an extra height
allowance of roughly 0.70m for air conditioning
and other services.
• connections for vacuum lines, nitrous oxide and
emergency power must be placed at least 1.20 m
above floor level.
• Floors and walls must be smooth throughout and
easily washed; decorative or structural
projections should be avoided.
• should have access from the anaesthetic room,
scrub-up room and supply room. Separate exit
doors should be provided.

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DOORS:
• Main door to the OT suite has to be of adequate width (1.2 to 1.5 m).
• The doors of each OT should be spring loaded flap type, but sliding doors are preferred as no air currents are
generated.
• All fittings in OT should be flush type and made of steel.
SURFACE / FLOORING:
• The surface / flooring must be slip resistant, strong with minimum joints.
• It should be easily washable, free as possible joints, seams so that they do not permits adherence of bacteria or
dust particles containing microorganism.
• It should be able to withstand repeated washing with germicidal agents.
• It should be able to absorb sound.
• The colour of the flooring should be such that if a needle is dropped on the floor it is visible.
WALLS:
• The walls, ceiling & floor surfaces should be made of hard fire resistant, smooth, non-porous material.
• It should be light in colour (light blue or green) and washable paint should be ideal.
• Colour of paint should allow reflection of light and yet soothing to eyes.
• Adequate electric points should be available on the wall at < 1.5 m height from the floor.

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 THEATRE STERILE SUPPLY UNIT [TSSU]:
Within this area, following are desirable -

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
1. Temperature between 180 -220 C, humidity
of 40%--50% is the aim.
2. Air conditioned with 10-12 air exchanges
per hour
3. Storage of sterile drapes, sponges, gloves,
gowns and other items ready to use.
4. Option to store in from one side and
remove from other side.
5. Proper inventory to prevent running out of
stock.
SCRUB UP:
• The hands and forearms are decontaminated. A
sterile surgical gown and pair of gloves are
subsequently donned.
• This is planned to be built within the restricted
area. Elbow operated or infrared sensor
operated taps / water source is ideal. It is
essential to have non slippery flooring in this
area.

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 •For sterile hand wash

PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
•Types: Stainless/ Granite/Marble/ Cement
•Gradient of basin forward and downwards
•Gradient towards outlet
•Hot water mixing: automatic or manual
•Non splashing taps; possible to change
direction
•Elbow/ Foot or Infra-Red operated taps
•Soap dispenser: Manual/automatic
•to be planned for at least for 2-3 persons in
each OT

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PLANNING AND ACTIVITY STUDY
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SURGERY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
 • The operating theatre should be connected to the anaesthetics room, discharge room, a wash room and
sterile materials room via electric sliding doors, fitted on the outer side of the theatre so as not to
constrict the space within.
• The opening mechanisms must be operated by foot switches for hygiene reasons. In the rooms for
auxiliary functions, swing doors with a clear width of 1.00-1.25m are sufficient.
• electrical and electro-medical connections are to be placed a minimum of 1.20 m above floor level.
Explosion protection measures also relate to the avoidance of electrostatic charges
• A back-up power supply is required for surgical equipment
• at least one operating lamp at each operating table, with a supply which will last for at least three hours
• equipment for maintaining vital bodily functions (e.g. for respiration, anaesthesia and resuscitation) must
continue to be operable.
Protective measures in the main anaesthetics rooms are:
• avoid materials which produce large electrostatic charges when rubbed or separated (e.g. plastic cloth)
• use conductive materials (e.g. conductive rubber)
• equalise charges through conducting floor
• maintain constant humidity between 60 and 65%

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IMPORTANT CONDITIONS IN OT
 IMPORTANT CONDITIONS IN OT
• Windows are neither needed nor desirable and this
can be provided internally, above the door height,
with no ledges.
• All surfaces in the operating theatre should be
smooth and washable.
• Static electricity and related hazards should be
avoided. Special anti-static floors, should be
provided, since floors in which the electrical
resistance is below the intended limits can result
in electric shocks.
• FuIl outside air, filtered to a high quality, must be
provided. The integrity of the air-handling system
must be preserved by careful siting of the main air
intake and exhaust.
• Unit room air-conditioners (window type, with I
ton capacity per 18 m2 , at least one per theatre)
can be provided as a stand-by.

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THANK YOU

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