Presenting by,

Shah Parth L. (120850106009)

Vaghela Suyagn D. (120850106010)
Patel Parth R. (120850106014)
Saradhara Divyesh R.
(120850106016) Patel Jay H.
(120850106029)
Bhatti Bhishma J. (120850106046)
STRAIN
ENERGY
1.Elastic strain energy
2.Strain energy due to gradual
loading
3.Strain energy due to sudden
loading
4.Strain energydue to impact loading
5.Strain energydue to shock loading
6.Strain energydue to shear loading
7.Strain energydue to bending
(flexure)
 When a body is subjected to gradual, sudden or impact
load, the body deforms and work is done upon it. If the
elastic limit is not exceed, this work is stored in the body.
This work done or energy stored in the body is called
strain energy.

 Energy is stored in the body during deformation process

and this energy is called “Strain Energy”.

Strain energy = Work done

 Resilience :

Total strain energy stored in a body is called

resilience.
𝛔 𝟐
∴𝐮 ×
𝟐𝐄 Where, σ = stress
= 𝐕
V = volume of the body

 Proof Resilience :

Maximum strain energy which can be stored in a body

is called proof resilience.

= (𝛔 𝐄
� ) 𝟐
×
𝟐𝐄
∴ 𝐮p �
Where, σE = stress at elastic
limit
 Modulus of Resilience :

Maximum strain energy which can be stored in a body

per unit volume, at elastic limit is called modulus of
resilience.

= (𝛔 𝐄 )𝟐
𝟐𝐄
∴ 𝐮m
• Consider a bar of length L placed vertically and one
end of it is attached at the ceiling.

Let P =Gradually applied load L

L =length of bar
A =Cross-sectional area of the
bar δl
δl =Deflection produced in the
σ
bar=Axial stress induced in the bar. It may be P
tensile or compressive, depending upon if the
bar under consideration is under tensile or
compressive load
E =Modulus of elasticity of bar
material
Work done on the bar = Area of the load – deformation
diagram 1
= × 𝑃 × 𝛿𝑙
2
… (1)
Work Stored in the bar
= Area of the resistance – Deformation
diagram

= 2 × R × δl
1

= 2 × σ × A×
1 …
Now
δl
, ( 2)
W ork done = Work
stored

1
∴ P × δl = 1 σ × A × δl
2 2

P
∴ P= σ×A
∴ σ =
A ….. stress due to gradual load.
Strain Energy = 21 × R ×
δl
= 21 σ × A × R=σ×
δl A
1 δl
= 2σ × A × ε × ε l
l =
1 σ
= 2σ × A E
× E = σε
× l
2
σ
= ×A×
2E
l
𝟐
𝛔
u = 𝟐𝐄 × v
… strain energy due to gradual load
 When the load is applied suddenly the value of the load
is P throughout the deformation.
 But, Resistance R increase from O to R

Work done on the bar =P× δl ...

(1)
Work stored in the bar = 12 ×R×δl

=12 × σ×A× ...(2)

Now, δl
Work done = Work stored
∴ P × δl =21 × σ×A× 𝛿𝑙

1
∴ P = 2× σ×A
∴ 2P
σ= A

 Hence , the Maximum Stress intensity due to a suddenly applied

load is Twice the stress intensity produced by the load of the
same magnitude applied gradually.
 P L
Collar
h
Load P is dropped through a height
h, before it commences to load the δl
bar.
Work done on the bar = Force × Deformation
=P( h +
δl ) ∴ 𝜎∙
𝛿𝑙 = 𝑙
… (1) 𝐸
=P( h + σ∙lE )

Work stored in the bar = 12× δl×

R
=Strain Energy
2
σ
= × … (2)
2E
V
Now,
Work done = Work stored
2
σ
∴ P( h + δl )=
2E
 σl σ2
∴ P( h + E
)= 2E× A ×
l
2
∴ P × h + p×σl = σ
E 2E
×A
×l 2E
∴ P × h × Al p × σl 2E
E × Al = σ2
+
∴ 2EPh
+
2P × σ
= σ2
Al A
2P × σ 2EPh
∴ σ2 − =
A Al
2
A 2 Al2P × σ
A 2 2
∴σ − A2
p
+
 2EPh p2
P 2 +
∴(σ −A ) = Al A2

P
∴(σ − ) 2EPh p2
A Al + A2
=
p2
∴σ= P 2EP
A h +
+ A2
Al … Stresses due to impact
load
If load is applied suddenly, h = 0
P
p2
∴ σ +
= A2 0

+
A2P
∴σ= A
 When 𝛿𝑙is very small as compered to h , then

Work done = P × h

σ2
2E× A ×l = P ×
h
2𝐸𝑃ℎ
𝜎2 =
𝐴𝑙
2𝐸𝑃ℎ
𝜎=
𝐴𝑙
Let, Work done on the bar by shock = u
1
Work stored in the bar × R ×
= δl
= 122 × σ × × E
A 2 σl
= σ ×A×
2
l
σ 2 E
∴U= ×A ×
2
l
E
∴ σ2 =
2UE
2U
∴ σ Al
E
= ... max instantaneous
Al
stress
 If t is the uniform she ar
stress produce in the
material by external
forces applied within
elastic limit, the energ y
Stored due to shear
Loading is given by,

𝐮 𝛕𝟐 ×
= 𝟐 𝐕
𝐆
Where, t = shear stress
G = Modulus of rigidity
 Consider a square block ABCD of length l , Faces BC and
AD are subjected to shear stress τ , Let face AD
is fixed.
 The section ABCD will deform to AB1C1D through the
angle ∅.

∅ = Shear strain
tan ∅ = l
BB1

∅ is very small
∴ tan ∅ = ∅

∴ ∅ = BBl 1 ….. Shear Strain

Force P on face BC
P = τ × BC × l
When P in applied gradually In case of
gradual load.
u = 2P × 1 average force
BB 1
= 2 × (τ × BC × l ) × 1 =
0+P
=
P
BB1 2 2
= 2 × (τ × BC × l ) × ∅ BB1 = ∅
∙l τ ∙l τ
= 2 × (τ × A) ∙ G=
1
∅
1∙ G
l
= 2 × τ2 × A × BC × l=
l Gτ2 A
u=2 ×
V G
 The elastic energy stored due to shear loading is known as
shear resilience
 Consider two transverse section 1-1 and 2-2 of a beam
distant dx apart as shown in fig.

 Consider a small strip of area da at distant y from the

 neutral
B . M . in small portion dx will be constant.
a x si .
M σ
=
I y

∴ σ = MI × … (1)
∴ Strain energy stored in small strip of area da.
2
σ
u= ×
2E
v
2
σ
= × (da ∙
2E
dx)
1 M 2 × (da ∙
= ×( ∙ y)
2E I
dx)
2 2
1 M ∙y
= ∙ × da ∙ …(2)
2E I2
dx
∴ Starin energy stored in entire section of a
beam.
y=y
1 M2 ∙
c
∙ da ∙
utotal = ∙ y2 2
2E I dx
y=yt
 2
1 ∙ M ∙dx yc y2 ∙ da
= I2 yt
2E y2 ∙ da = I
1
∙
M2 ∙dx = second moment of
= I
2E I2 area.
2
M
utotal = 2EI …(3)
dx
 Now, for strain energy in entire beam, integrate between
limits 0 to l.
l

∴ u= M2 ∙
2E
0 dx ... Strain energy due to bending.
I
 We have seen that, when a member is subjected to a
uniform shear stress 𝛕, the strain energy stored in the
2
τ
member is
2
×G
 V.
Consider a small elemental ring of thickness dr, at radius r.
 ur τr 2 ×
2
= G V
r 2
(R∙τ
ur ×
) 2
= G V
r 2∙τ
= ×
R2 2∙2
G
V
r 2∙τ
= × (2πr × dr) ×
R2 2∙2
G
l
τ2∙r3
ur = ∙π∙l
∙ dr R2 ∙
G … strain energy for one
ring.
 Total strain energy for whole section, is obtained by
integrating over a range from r = 0 to r = D/2 for a solid
shaft.
D/2
τ2 ∙ r3
u
=
∙ π ∙ l ∙ dr R2 ∙ G
0

D/2
τ2 ∙
π∙l
= 2 r3 ∙ dr
R ∙G
0

τ2 ∙ π ∙ l r4 D/2
= [ ]0
R2 ∙ G 4
D
τ ∙ π ∙ l (4 )
2
= 2 2
R ∙G 4
 D4
τ2 ∙ π D4 =
τ2 ∙
π ∙
=
∙l ∙l 6 ∴ R=
R2 ∙ G ∙ 4 D
D 2
∙ 2 G
64
τ4
2∙ π ∙ l ∙
= 2
D 16
G
τ2 ∙ π ∙ l ∙
= 2
A = π4 ×
∴
D4 × 4 ×
G D2
τ2 ∙ l ∙
=
A4
G
u τ2 ×
= V … Strain energy due to torsio
4
G
 Ex-1 :
An axial pull of 50 kN is suddenly applied to a
steel bar 2m long and 1000 mm2 in cross section. If
modulus of elasticity of steel is 200 k N / mm2.
Find, (i) maximum instantaneous stress
(ii) maximum instantaneous extension
(iii) Strain energy
(iv) modulus of resilience.
Solution :
here, P = 50 kN (Sudden load)
A = 1000 mm2
l = 2m = 2000 mm
E = 200 kN/mm2 = 200× 103 N/mm2
(i) Maximum instantaneous stress :
2P
σ 2×50×10
= 3 = 100
= A
N/mm1000
2
(ii) Maximum instantaneous extension :
σ
E
ε
=
ε σ = 5 × 10−4
E = 200×103
= 100
δl
ε l
== ε ∙ l
δl
= 5 × 10−4 ×
2000
= 1 mm
(iii) Strain energy (u) :
2
σ
u= ×
2E
V (100)
= 2 × 1000 ×
2×200×103
2000
= 50,000 N ∙ mm

(iv) Modulus of resilience (um) :

um σ2
2E
=
(100)2
=
2×200×103

= 0.025 N ∙
mm/mm3
 EX –2 :
A 1500 mm long wire of 25 mm2 cross sectional area
is hanged vertically. It receives a sliding collar of 100 N
weight and stopper at bottom end. The collar is allowed to full
on stopper through 200 mm height. Determine the
instantaneous stress induced in the wire and corresponding
elongation. Also determine the strain energy stored in the
wire. Take modulus of elasticity of wire as 200 GPa.
Solution :
here, P = 100 N
A = 25 mm2
l = 1500 mm
h = 200 mm
E = 200
GPa = 200 ×
 2EPh
σ P P2
+ A∙
A+ A2
= l

σ 100 1002 2×200×103×100×200

25 + +
= 252 25×1500

= 4 + 461.89

= 465.89 N/mm2
 σ 465.89
δl ∙lE = ×1500
200 ×
= 103
= 3.49 mm

Strain energy,

2
σ
u= ×
2E
V

(465.89)
u 2 × (25 ×
2×200×103
= 1500)
= 20,348.76 N.mm
THANK
YOU