ALCOHOL FUEL PERFORMANCES

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS
 37
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS- Chosen Biofuels

1. Specific Energy Consumption

2. Brake power/Indicated power

3. Brake Thermal Efficiency

4. Mechanical efficiency

5. Volumetric Efficiency

6. Exhaust Gas Temperature

 SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION(SEC) 38

1. SEC for Alcohol fuels is slightly higher than diesel

2. This is because of the higher C.V and lower density of Alcohol fuels

3. The variations of SEC for Alcohol fuels are 25000kJ/kWh to 11000 kJ/kWh and

for diesel, it is only 8800 kJ/kWh at maximum load.

 BRAKE THERMAL EFFICIENCY 39

1. Brake thermal efficiency of the Alcohol fuels is Increased when

compared to diesel
2. This is mainly due to high C.V of Alcohol fuels
3. However there is no drop in the maximum power with the
biodiesel.
 40
VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY

1. The volumetric efficiency of the engine is more for Alcohol fuels

2. The actual volume of air which is inducted for the combustion of Alcohol
fuels is more with respect to stoichiometric air fuel ratio
3. The air fuel ratio is more for Alcohol fuels than diesel.
 EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE 41

1. The exhaust gas temperature for Alcohol fuels is more

2. This is because of oxygenated Alcohol fuels
3. Complete combustion only a source for all better
performances
 42

COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS-

1. Delay Period

2. Peak Pressure

3. Rate of Pressure Rise

4. Duration of Injection

5. Combustion Duration

6. Heat Release Rate

 43
PRESSURE Vs CRANK ANGLE

Peak Pressure

Delay Period

Start of Combustion

Start of injection
 INJECTION PRESSURE Vs CRANK ANGLE 44

Start of injection End of Injection

 DELAY PERIOD 46

1. It is the time lapse between the start of injection and the start of
combustion
2. The delay period is lower for biodiesel.
3. Alcohol fuels has high Cetane number compared with diesel, ignition delay
is less for fuel having high Cetane number.
4. The delay period is decreased when the start of combustion takes place
 PEAK PRESSURE 47

1. The peak pressure depends on the amount of fuel taking part in the
uncontrolled combustion phase
2. It depends on the delay period and spray envelope of the injected fuel.
3. The fuel taking part in the uncontrolled combustion phase is
less .Hence the peak pressure is less for Alcohol fuels
 RATE OF PRESSURE RISE 48

1. The rate of pressure rise is generally higher for diesel when compared to
Alcohol fuels .
2. This is due to the domination effects of the premixed phase of
combustion
3. The rate of pressure rise is increased for both diesel and Alcohol fuels
with increase in load
 DURATION OF INJECTION 49

1. There is a small change in the duration of injection for Alcohol fuels

2. It is considerably very low for Alcohol fuels when compared to

diesel.

3. This variation is only within 10 to 20 of crank angle for Alcohol fuels

at full load condition.

 COMBUSTION DURATION 50

1. It is calculated based on the duration between the start of combustion and

cumulative heat release.
2. The combustion duration is more for Alcohol fuels
3. This is due to increase in the quantity of fuel injected and longer diffused
combustion phase.
 52

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS- Chosen Biodiesel

1. Smoke Intensity

2. Carbon Monoxide

3. Carbon dioxide

4. Hydro Carbon

5. Nitric Oxides

6. Particulates
 SMOKE INTENSITY 53

1. The smoke levels are high at high power output for diesel.
2. This is due to presence of heavy petroleum oil residue present in the
diesel.
3. The residue (glycerin) is removed from biodiesel and hence smoke
intensity is low for biodiesel.
 CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSION 54

1. CO emission is the result of incomplete combustion of air-fuel mixture

2. The biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel with more carbon content than
diesel
3. The complete combustion was achieved for biodiesel at maximum
load. Therefore, carbon monoxide emission is less for biodiesel
 CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION 55

1. More oxygen present in the biodiesel leads to complete

combustion.
2. The carbon dioxide emission is higher for the fuel undergoes
complete combustion.
3. The CO2 emission is more for biodiesel compared with diesel.
 HYDROCARBON EMISSION 56

1. Biodiesel is oxygenated fuel ,diesel is hydrocarbon fuel.

2. More quantity of oxygen present in the biodiesel makes the
hydrocarbon to undergo complete combustion
3. The hydrocarbon emission is lesser than diesel in all loads.
 NITRIC OXIDE EMISSION 57

1. The NOX emission for biodiesel is high

2. The NOX emission depends on the amount of air entering into the
combustion chamber.
3. The oxygen content of biodiesel releases more heat at the time of
combustion
4. This higher temperature enhances more NOx emission in the case of
biodiesel.
 PARTICULATE EMISSION 58

1. The particulate matter is lower for biodiesel irrespective of the loads

2. For biodiesel, the air fuel ratio is more and hence the complete
combustion is carried out for all loads of operation.
3. Complete combustion is the reason for low emission of particulate.