Glenn A. Hunter - Global Product Manager, Reciprocating: Previous

Glenn A.
Hunter - Global Product Manager,

Reciprocating
Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT
CONTROL VALVES
Consist of two-major subassemblies:

 Valve Body
– Controls the Flow of Fluid
 Actuator
– Positions the throttling
element to a desired position
as dictated by the controller
ide 2 of 73
RECIPROCATING VALVES
Reciprocating Valves:
Valves whose stems travel
linearly, in and out of the
packing box. These valves
are normally of the globe and
angle body styles.
Reciprocate:
To move backward and The most common type of
forward alternately. reciprocating control valve
is the globe style.
ide 3 of 73
RECIPROCATING PRODUCT LINE MODELS
10000 6500 Actuators:

21000 4300 37 / 38
41000 3300 87 / 88
25000 9460 87 / 88U
28000 5061 10900
HP 700 50000 600
500 POV 52600 30A / 84,85,86
80000 70000
89000
2600
4500
ide 4 of 73
RECIPROCATING VALVES
1996 N.A. SHIPMENTS

$ Average
Series Units Sell Price
28000 812 1,424
25000 747 2,083
21000 2,976 2,438
41000 1,176 7,267
10000 314 8,140
ide 5 of 73
STEM AND POST-GUIDED VALVES
Guiding:
Stem or post-guided valves use a plug for

controlling the flow of process fluids. The plug is
contoured to provide the proper flow characteristic
(flow vs. travel curve). In these designs, the valve
plug is guided by bushings around the stem or
post
ide 6 of 73
STEM AND POST-GUIDED VALVES
Open Flow Path:

Because the guiding area is generally removed
from the flow stream, it is protected from the
effects of dirty or gritty flows. The flow path is
more open than cage guided valves. They are
therefore, utilized in viscous, sticky and erosive
applications and in coking service, which would
interfere with cage guiding.
Top Entry:
Trim and other internal parts can be easily replaced
or maintained while the valve remains in the
pipeline.
ide 7 of 73
STEM GUIDED - UNBALANCED
 Top Stem Guide Tolerates
Incidental to High Amounts
25000 SERIES
of Contamination and Solids

 Standard Materials are
300SS Trim, Suitable for
NACE
 Unbalanced Trim for Tight
Shutoff, Class IV and VI
Available
 Trim Options:
– Linear, %
– Reduced Capacity
ide 8 of 73
25000 Series - Stem Guided, Unbalanced
ide 9 of 73
Stem-Guided, Unbalanced
25000 Series Valve

ide 10 of 73
Top Entry, Lightweight
ide 11 of 73
25000 Series Valve Specifications
Body
 Type:
– High Capacity self draining globe
 Rating:
– ANSI class 150 and 300
 Temperature:
– Carbon steel -20°F to +450°F
– Stainless steel -50°F to +450°F
 Connections:
– RF flanged (1” - 4”)
– Threaded (1”, 1¼, 2”)
Bonnet
 Type:
– Bolted
 Gasket & Padding
– Non-asbestos
ide 12 of 73
Trim Body/ Bonnet
 Type:  Materials:
– Stem guided contour – Carbon steel or 316
 Characteristic: Stainless steel
– Equal percentage or linear
 Material:
– 316 Stainless steel
– 316 Stainless steel hardfaced
– 316 Stainless steel w/ TFE
insert
 Capacity:
– Cv 1.0 to Cv 195
 Seat Ring:
– Threaded
 Seat Leakage:
– ANSI/FCI 70.2 Class IV or VI
ide 13 of 73
Actuator
 Type:
– Spring diaphragm
 Size:
– 7, 12, and 17
 Material:
– Steel yoke and casings with
reinforced Buna-N diaphragm
 Spring Range:
– 3-15 or 6-30 psig
 Action:
– Fail closed or Fail open (field
reversible)
 Handwheel:
– Optional top mounted
ide 14 of 73
25000 Series Valve
 SIMPLE DESIGN
 LESS PARTS
 REDUCED INVENTORIES
 EASY REPLACEMENT
 STANDARD PARTS FOR

BETTER INTER-
CHANGEABILITY
ide 15 of 73
POST GUIDED - UNBALANCED
Features Benefits
 Simple, Open Flow Path Suitable for Viscous 
Sticky & Corrosive
 Rugged, Top Guiding Media
 Guide Bushing Removed  Control Stability
from Flow Path  Suitable for Mild
 Threaded or Quick Erosive Service
Change Trim  Wide Trim Selection
 Barstock Fabrication
 Top Entry  Adaptable to Chemical,
High P, Economical
 Ease of Maintenance
ide 16 of 73
 Top Plug Guiding Tolerates

21000 SERIES
Incidental Contamination ,
Solids
 Guide Areas are Easy to
Upgrade for High Temp. or
Corrosive Service
 Unbalanced Trim for Tight
Shutoff, Class IV, V, and VI
Available
ide 17 of 73
 Trim Options:
21000 SERIES
– Linear and %
– Anticavitation and LO-DB
– Lockhopper UOP Design
 Quick Change Cage Trim
 Good General Service
Refinery Moderate to High
Pressure Services
ide 18 of 73
LEAKAGE CLASSES
 CL IV is Standard
21000 SERIES
– .01% of Rated Cv
 CL V Optional
– Reduced Pressure Drop Capability
Due to Higher Seat Loads Required
 CL VI Optional
– Plug with PTFE Seal Ring
ide 19 of 73
21000 SERIES PTFE SEAL RING: CL VI
ide 20 of 73
TEMPERATURE RANGE
 Standard Bonnet
21000 SERIES
– Metal Seat: -20oF to +800oF

– Soft Seat: -20oF to 450oF
 Extension Bonnet (Adds approx. 4-1/2”)

– Metal Seat: -150oF to +800oF
– Soft Seat: -150oF to 450oF
ide 21 of 73
TRIM MATERIALS
 Carbon Steel or Cr-Mo Body:

21000 SERIES
– 416 SS hardened Trim is Standard

– Handles High Pressure Drop
 Stainless Steel Body:

– 316 SS with Hardfacing
– 316 SS Alone for Corrosion Resistance
ide 22 of 73
QUICK CHANGE TRIM
 Seat Ring Held in

Place by the Seat Ring
21000 SERIES
Retainer (A Type of
Cage)
 Seat Ring Gasket

Required
 Maintenance
Advantage
ide 23 of 73
TRIM TYPES
 Contoured Trim
21000 SERIES
– Full Area
– Reduced Area
 Single Stage Lo-dB and Anti-Cavitation

– Same Plug for Lo-dB and Anti-Cav
 Two-Stage Lo-dB and Anti-Cavitation

– Different Trim for Lo-dB and Anti-Cav
ide 24 of 73
LOW NOISE PRODUCTS
 LO-DB Trim
21000 SERIES
Reduces the
Sound Level up to
15 dBA Over
Conventional Trim,
Depending on the
P1/P2 Ratio.
ide 25 of 73
TWO STAGE LO-DB/ANTI-CAV TRIM
21000 SERIES
ide 26 of 73
VARIPAK LOW CV - POST GUIDED
 Top Plug Guiding Tolerates Incidental

Contamination and Solids
28000 SERIES
 Guide Areas are Easy to Upgrade for High

Temperature or Corrosive Service
 Unbalanced Trim for Tight Shutoff, Class

IV
 Trim Options:
– Linear, %, Quick Open
– Varilog Trim
 Quick Change Trim

ide 27 of 73
28000 Series - Varipak
Available as a 1” Size Only
ide 28 of 73
Adjustable Cv
Variable Fulcrum Point Actuator Allows Field
Adjusting Trim Cv
ide 29 of 73
Varilog Trim - High Pressure Drop
ide 30 of 73
Varipak - A Complete Microflow Valve
ide 31 of 73
ANGLE VALVES
Overview:
Similar to globe with one connection in
line with the orifice
 Suited for slurry, flashing, outgassing
service where severe erosion is a
concern
 Pattern will allow very low body losses
resulting in high capacity Streamlined
flow also prevents direct impingement of
erosive particles on body walls and
critical trim areas
 High throat velocity flow is usually
directed downstream, into a large fluid
volume, avoiding erosive damage
ide 32 of 73
ANGLE VALVES
Design Features Benefits

 Streamlined Flow  High Capacity
Path  No Direct Fluid
Impingement
 Minimal Body Restrictions
 Guide Bushing Away  Protected From Erosion
From Flow  Vibration Protection on
 Heavy Guiding Areas Flow-To-Close Operation
 Top Entry
 Ease of Maintenance
ide 33 of 73
ANGLE VALVE
 Top Plug Guiding Tolerates
Incidental Contamination and
70000 SERIES
Solids.
 Guide Areas are Easy to Upgrade
for High Temperature or Corrosive
Service.
 Unbalanced Trim for Tight Shutoff,
Class IV, or V.
 Trim Options:
– Venturi Seats
ide 34 of 73
CAGE GUIDED VALVES
General Description:
– Mostly of the balanced type

– Utilized mostly on high
pressure and high temperature
applications
– Extremely versatile and can be
fitted with many trim variations
ide 35 of 73
CAGE GUIDED VALVES
The Cage Serves Two Major Functions
 It provides positive alignment
and control of the plug
 Because the flow is directed

through openings or “ports” in
the wall of the cage, the cage
can modify or “characterize”
the way in which media flows
through the valve body. The
seat ring does not define the
flow passage area except at
very low lift.
ide 36 of 73
CAGE GUIDED VALVES
Balanced Trim:
Balanced trim exhibits a port through the
plug to allow process media into the cavity
above the plug. This balances the forces
applied by the process fluid above and below
the plug and results in a reduction of actuator
force required to operate the valve. Piston
rings are utilized to seal between cage and
plug guide and prevent leakage through the
balancing connection when valve is shut.
ide 37 of 73
CAGE GUIDED VALVES
Features Benefits
 Heavy Guiding of Valve  Durability
Plug  Throttling Stability
 Long Life
 Minimal Maintenance
 Interchangeable Trim  Versatility, Multiple Cages

 Anti-Cavitation, Noise Abatement
 Reduced Capacity Trim Options
 Different Flow Characteristics
Available
 Different Trim Materials for a Wide
Variation of Application
ide 38 of 73
CAGE GUIDED VALVES
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
 General Service Applications with Clean
Process Fluids
 Difficult Services Involving Corrosive Fluids,
High Pressure, High Temperature, Noise, and
Cavitation
LIMITATIONS
 Not Generally Used with Slurries or with Grity
or Dirty Processes
 Less Capacity Compared to Rotary Valves
 Larger and Heavier than Most Rotary Valves
ide 39 of 73
CAGE GUIDED - PRESSURE BALANCED
 Pressure Balanced Trim for

High Pressure Shutoff with
41000 SERIES
Small Actuator Size

 Shutoff Ratings are Class II, III,
IV, and V Depending Upon
Seal Type
 Larger Sizes have Belville
Springs for Thermal
Compensation
 NACE Trim and High
Temperature Trim Options are
available
ide 40 of 73
SPECIFICATIONS
 Cage Guided
41000 SERIES
 Hardened Trim
 Balanced Plug
 Pressure Classes:
– Class 150: 6” - 24”
– Class 300-600: 2” - 24”
– Class 900-1500: 2” - 16”
– Class 2500: 2” - 8”
ide 41 of 73
APPLICATIONS
 Severe Service
41000 SERIES
 Low Pressure Recovery: FL = 0.94
 High Capacity
 High Pressure Drop Capability
 Tight Shutoff
 High Temperature: -320oF to 1050oF
ide 42 of 73
CAGE
 Guides Plug
41000 SERIES
 Acts as Sealing Surface for Plug Seal

Ring
 Retains Seat Ring
 Provides Throttling Orifice
– Contrast with Seat Orifice throttling

of 21000
ide 43 of 73
CAGE GUIDING
 Plug Guides Directly

41000 SERIES
in Cage
 Large Diameter Guide

Fully Supports Plug
Against Side Loads
 Large Diameter Guide

is Less Susceptible to
Lateral Vibration
ide 44 of 73
41300 “TEC” SEAL
 Pressure Energized
PTFE Plug Seal
 Class V Leakage
41300
 Max Temp: 450oF
 Sizes 2” - 16”
 Flow-To-Open
(Uni-Directional)
 Higher Shutoff
Capability
ide 45 of 73
41400 AUXILIARY PLUG
 Flow-To-Close Direction Only

– Approx. 10 dB Less Attenuation
Than F-T-O
41400
 Tight Shutoff at High Temperature

 Provides Class IV, Class V Leakage
 Spring Washers on 2” - 4” Sizes
 Coil Springs on 6” - 16” Sizes
 “Dead” Travel in Closed Position =
0.050”
ide 46 of 73
OTHER 41000 SEAL RINGS
 41500: Ni-Resist Seal Ring
– Class II
– Temp: -320oF to 800oF
 41600: PTFE Seal with Nordel Backup

– Meets Class IV Seat Leakage
 41900: Graphite Seal, Metal Inner Ring

– Meets Class IV Seat Leakage
– Available in 6” to 16” Sizes Only
ide 47 of 73
41002 SINGLE STAGE LO-DB
 Drilled Hole Expansion Cage
 Anti-Cav: Flow-To-Close
– Contains Cavitation
– Limit to 500 PSI Pressure Drop
41002
 LO-DB: Flow-To-Open
 Noise Attenuation by Dividing Flow

– Optimal Hole Size and Spacing
 25 dBA Noise Reduction
 Interchangeable with Standard

Cage
ide 48 of 73
41403 LO-DB WITH DIFFUSER
 Flow-To-Close Direction
Only
 Offers Low Noise and

Cavitation Protection
41403
 Available in 6” - 16” Sizes
 Provides Higher Shutoff

Capability than 416X3
 Meets Class V Seat

Leakage
ide 49 of 73
41004 TWO-STAGE LO-DB
 Additional 20 dBA
Noise Reduction (40
dBA Total)
41004
 Linear Trim
Characteristic Only
 Cv Ratio 50:1
 Flow-To-Open Direction
Only
ide 50 of 73
41018 TYPE “C” VRT
 VRT = Variable Resistance

Trim
 Eliminates Cavitation
 Flow-To-Open Direction
 Radial Flow Pattern
41018
 Tortuous Path
 Pressure Recovery in Each
Stage
 Up to 3000 PSI Pressure Drop
Used in Pump Recirculation or
Bypass
ide 51 of 73
41017 TYPE “S” VRT
 Stacked and Brazed

Perforated Plates
 Pressure Drops 3000 to

41017
6000 PSI
 Cavitation Elimination
 Axial Flow
 Size Range 8” - 12”
ide 52 of 73
41037 TYPE “S” PARTIAL STACK
 Start-up Valve
 Stacks Used to 20%

41037
Lift
 High Flow at Full

Lift
 Size Range 4” - 16”
ide 53 of 73
BALANCED - DOUBLE PORTED
Features Benefits
 Semi-Balanced  Smaller Required
 Double Post Guiding Actuation

 Very Stable, High
 Symmetric Design
Durability When Proper
Materials are Used
 Field Reversible from Air-
To-Open, to Air-To-Close
 Top Entry/Bottom  Ease in Maintenance

Access
ide 54 of 73
BALANCED - DOUBLE PORTED
Features Benefits
 Reduced Capacity Trim
Trim Types
 High Pressure Recovery Factors
 Large Sizes (24”)/ High Capacity
 General Service When Tight S.O. is Not Required

Typical Applications
Limitations  Not Generally Used with Slurries

or Erosive Fluids
 Bottom Connection is Another
Potential Leak Path
 More Expensive
 Heavier Than Other
Globe/Rotary Valves
ide 55 of 73
10000 SERIES
 Double Porting Provides Pressure

Balancing for High Pressure Shutoff
10000 SERIES
 Top and Bottom Guiding Tolerates

Incidental Contamination and Solids
 Guide Areas are Easy to Upgrade for
High Temperature or Corrosive Service
 Class II Shutoff Maximum
 Field Reversible for Fail Open or
Closed
 Threaded Seats Handle thermal Shock
and Transients Well
 Good Refinery Valve for High
Temperature Dirty Services; Such as
Crude or Bottoms Service
ide 56 of 73
3-WAY VALVE
TOP AND BOTTOM GUIDED - DOUBLE PORT
 3-Way Valve for Combining or
Diverting Services
80000 SERIES
 Reversible Plug Skirts for Maximum

Stability
 Threaded Seats Handle High
Temperatures and Temperature
Gradients
 Shutoff Rating is Class II
 Valve Sizes 1” to 10” are Available
 NACE Trim and Other Corrosive Trim
Material Options are Available
 Used on Temperature Control Service
Diverting Flow Around Heat
Exchangers
ide 57 of 73
3-WAY COMBINING VALVE
 The fluids enter the upper

80385 SERIES
(U) port and the lower (L)

port combining at the
throat and exiting a
common (C) port at the
desired ratio. The amount
of fluid coming through
each port is determined by
the plug position. This
design is commonly used
in mixing applications
ide 58 of 73
3-WAY DIVERTING VALVE
 Uses a modified double ported body.
The bridge wall is lowered to prevent
80386 SERIES
fluid exiting the lower port from

entering port (U). Fluid is diverted at
the desired rates to ports (U) and (L).
Like the combining valves, the plug
design has additional rib guiding in
the orifice to compensate for the loss
of the lower guide. This design has
been used on applications such as
heat exchanger bypass.
ide 59 of 73
SPLIT BODY CONTROL VALVES
2600, 4500, 9460 SERIES

 DEVELOPED SPECIFICALLY FOR CHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
 USED EXTENSIVELY IN AEROSPACE
INDUSTRY
ide 60 of 73
SPLIT BODY VALVE
 Heavy Top Stem Guiding Tolerates
Incindental to High Amounts of
Contamination
 Standard Materials are 300SS Trim, but
2600 SERIES
High Alloy Trims are Readily Available

 Unbalanced Trim for Tight Shutoff,
Class IV and VI Available
 Building Block Design, Where Globe,
Angle, Corner and 3-Way Designs are
Available
 Trim Options:
– LO-DB
– Venturi Seats
ide 61 of 73
SPLIT BODY PRODUCTS
 Split Construction Handles Thermal Shock and

Transients Well. Standard Designs are Suitable
2600 SERIES
for Low and High Temperatures
 Available in Sizes from 1/2” to 12”. Pressure

Ratings are 150# to 10,000 PSI
 The Most Common Use in Refineries is on Acid

Services with High Alloy Trim and Body
Materials. Suitable for a Wide Range of Services
ide 62 of 73
SPLIT BODY VALVES
 Offers an Excellent
4500 SERIES
Option for ANSI 900#

and 1500# with
Special Material
Construction
 1”- 4” Sizes Available
ide 63 of 73
9460 SERIES SPLIT BODY VALVES
 Offers an Excellent
Option for Small Size
2500# Applications
 1/4”,3/8”, 1/2” Sizes

Available
ide 64 of 73
CONTROL VALVE ACTUATION
 Conventional Diaphragm
 Multi-Spring Rolling Diaphragm
 Spring Return / Springless Cylinder
 Electric Motor Driven
 Electro-Hydraulic
ide 65 of 73
“FLAT” DIAPHRAGM ACTUATORS
 Variable Effective Area
CONVENTIONAL
throughout the Travel
 Diaphragm Pivots Across the
Edge of the Diaphragm Plate
 Thick Piston Plat Required for
Support of Diaphragm
 Single/Double Concentric
Springs or Multiple Off Center
Spring Designs
 Little/No Friction with Cycling
Except for Shaft Seal and
Bearing Loads
 Travel is Limited
ide 66 of 73
CONVENTIONAL FLAT DIAPHRAGM ACTUATOR
Reasons For Using...
Pros
 Most Economical
 Reliable
 Long History of Field Performance
 Low Cost of Ownership
Cons
 Diaphragm Area Not Constant
 Limited on Travel Lengths
 Limited on Air Supply Pressure
 Requires a Lot of Space
 To Field Reverse, Requires New Actuator
ide 67 of 73
DIAPHRAGM ACTUATORS
 Constant Area Throughout
the Travel
MULTI - SPRING
 Rolling Action Minimizes

Diaphragm Wear
 Skirted Diaphragm Plate
Required for Support of
Diaphragm
 Single/Double Concentric
Springs or Multiple Off Center
Spring Designs
 Little/No Friction with Cycling
Except for Shaft Seal and
Bearing Loads
 Long Travels are Available
ide 68 of 73
MULTI-SPRING DIAPHRAGM ACTUATOR
Reasons For Using...
Pros
 Lower Cost of Ownership Than
Conventional
 More Economical
 Reliable
 Long History of Field Performance
 Constant Diaphragm Area
 Less Space Required
 No Added Parts to Change - Field
Reversible
 Weight
Cons
 Limited Travel
 Limit Air Supply
ide 69 of 73
TYPE 87/88 ACTUATOR
Standard Spring Range
Spring Range (PSIG) Spring Qty. Placement
3-15 3 Lower Level
6-30 6 Lower Level
11-23 3 Upper Level
21-45 6 Upper Level
ide 70 of 73
TYPE 87/88 ACTUATOR
Specifications
Actuator Diaphragm Stem Max

Size Effective Travel Supply
Area (Sq.In) (In.) (PSI)
6 60 .8 60
10 100 .8, 1.5 60
16 160 .8, 1.5, 2, 2.5 60
23 230 .8, 1.5, 2., 2.5 60
ide 71 of 73
SPRING RETURN/SPRINGLESS CYLINDERS
 Constant Effective Area throughout

the Travel
 Leakage Across the Piston is
Prevented by a Dynamic Seal on the
Piston. Type of Seal Used Affects
Friction Load.
 Volumes on End Chambers
Determine Effective Spring Rate of
Cylinder
 Spring Return and Springless
Designs are Available
 Frictional Loads are Much Higher
Than Spring Diaphragm Actuators
 Long Travels are Available
ide 72 of 73
WHY DO YOU WANT TO USE CYLINDER?
 Handles High Air Supply Up to 100 PSIG Versus

60 PSI
 Longer Strokes
 Increase Force Output Even More by Removing

Spring
 Faster Response
 Larger Sizes Require Less Space
 More Economical Than EHA and Electric
ide 73 of 73

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Glenn A.

Hunter - Global Product Manager,

Consist of two-major subassemblies:

Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

10000 6500 Actuators:

1996 N.A. SHIPMENTS

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Stem or post-guided valves use a plug for

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Open Flow Path:

of Contamination and Solids

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25000 Series Valve

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 STANDARD PARTS FOR

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 Top Plug Guiding Tolerates

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

– Metal Seat: -20oF to +800oF

 Extension Bonnet (Adds approx. 4-1/2”)

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 Carbon Steel or Cr-Mo Body:

– 416 SS hardened Trim is Standard

 Stainless Steel Body:

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 Seat Ring Held in

 Seat Ring Gasket

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 Single Stage Lo-dB and Anti-Cavitation

 Two-Stage Lo-dB and Anti-Cavitation

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

 Top Plug Guiding Tolerates Incidental

 Guide Areas are Easy to Upgrade for High

 Unbalanced Trim for Tight Shutoff, Class

 Quick Change Trim

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

Design Features Benefits

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

– Mostly of the balanced type

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 Because the flow is directed

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

 Interchangeable Trim  Versatility, Multiple Cages

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

 Pressure Balanced Trim for

Small Actuator Size

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Previous Click on screen to advance ESC to EXIT

 Low Pressure Recovery: FL = 0.94

 High Pressure Drop Capability

 High Temperature: -320oF to 1050oF