Design of plant facility

Presented By:

Pramod .s
7
FACILITIES PLANNING AND DESIGN

 PROCESS
 Conceptualize
 Conceptualize
 Plan
 Plan
 Analyze
 Analyze
 Design
 Implement
 Inter-Relationships
WHY PLAN FACILITIES
Expanding production, based on increased
demand.
Entering a new field of endeavor. Replacing an
obsolete or inadequate facility.
Reallocating or consolidating production facilities.
Improving service to market(s).

LONG TERM STRATEGIC DECISIONS

THE NEED FOR GOOD FACILITIES PLANNING

 Plant facilities influence the costs of operating and therefore

 profits.
 Planning allows facilities to comply with laws ad/or regulations.
 Facilities involve high capital-cost expenditures.
 Facilities are fixed investments, not readily convertible to money or
resale.
 Facilities are inflexible (i.e. physically fixed and have limited
 opportunities to be changed).
 Facilities are long term commitments with protracted periods
 Facilities planning, design and construction require long lead times.
THE NEED FOR GOOD FACILITIES PLANNING

Sound plans for implementation can avoid disruptions in

production, and discontinuities for shipping or delivery.
Operations often produce detrimental wastes that affect entire
communities.
11
THE NEED FOR GOOD FACILITIES PLANNING

If plans are made, managements can react faster and

take advantage
of business opportunities that arise.
Good planning, especially if presented well visually, is
an aid to
obtain financing monies.
The single most important cause of high materials
handling costs is “ad hoc” expansion of plant facilities
“in the absence of a strategic site-development plan.
 11
Basic Elements of Layout Planning

If plans are made, managements can react faster and

take advantage
of business opportunities that arise.
Good planning, especially if presented well visually, is
an aid to
obtain financing monies.
The single most important cause of high materials
handling costs is “ad hoc” expansion of plant facilities
“in the absence of a strategic site-development plan.
 11
Basic Elements of Layout Planning

Basic Elements of Layout Planning

Product
Quantity
Routing
Supporting Service
Time
Time
z
 Pros of Coal Power
 Cheap
 Cheaper per unit energy than oil or natural gas
 Will continue to be an important global resource

 Abundance
 Coal is the world’s most abundant fossil fuel
 Sufficient reserves for the next 250 years
 Pros of Coal Power
Electricity
 Supplying approximately 50% of electricity to the US

Economy
 Coal-mining stimulates over one million jobs in the U.S.
 Coal contributes over $80 billion annually to the economy
Pros of Coal
Power
Efficiency
 Larger power plants are more efficient
 38% of the chemical energy is converted to energy
Safe
 safest fossil fuel to transport, store and use
 scrubbers
Cons of Coal Power
 Coal-Fired Power Plants are the largest contributor of
hazardous air pollutants.

o Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

o Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)
o Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
o Mercury
Effects on the
environment and Human health
 CO2 ~ carbon dioxide pollution, making energy use the single largest
source of greenhouse gases in the U.S. and the world
 Effects on the environment and Human health

 SO2
 Sulfur dioxide combined with nitrogen
oxide react with water and oxygen in the
atmosphere to form acidic compounds,
which can mix with natural precipitation
and fall to the earth as acid rain.

o Sulfur dioxide can also combine with

nitrogen oxide and other particles to
form particulate matter.
o trigger heart attacks and strokes
o lead to cardiac arrhythmia (irregular
heartbeat)
o respiratory irritation, and worsen
asthma.
o premature death (Both short-term
and long-term exposure)
 Effects on the environment and Human health

 NOx
 When nitrogen oxide (chemically) reacts with volatile organic
compounds (VOC’s) and sunlight ground-level ozone or smog is
formed.

An estimated 140.5 million

Americans live in areas with
unhealthy levels of smog according
to the The American Lung
Association.
 Effects on the environment and Human health

 Mercury
 One of the most dangerous pollutants released into the air
through the exhaust system when coal is burned.
Future of Coal
 Economy
 US economy relies on coal importation and exportation
 The demand for coal usage to provide electricity will continue to
grow
Future of Coal
 Clean coal technology
 A new generation of coal-burning power plants with energy processes that
reduce air emissions and other pollutants.
 Clean Air Acts

 Coal power plants technology

must adapt to the changing
political climate towards
environmental issues.