Stage 2

Ethics and Environmental Problems

 Environmental Ethics: Conceptions and Approaches

Main Environmental Problems: Causes and Consequences

CONTENT Ethical Analysis of Environmental Problems

Context of Environmental Management in Mexico

Administrative Institutions that Develop Environmental Manage-

ment in Mexico

6 Legal Framework and Environmental Instruments in Mexico

7 Conclusions
 2.1

Human HUMANS AND NATURE

beings Activities like Industrial As natural resources begin
coexisted farming, Revolution allows Progress and to run out, animals become
in fishing, hunting humans to achieve welfare allows extinct & natural
& commerce industrial progress, humans to increase environments suffer,

ENVIRONMENTAL
balance
begin with the but with a population in a humans begin to question
with deterioration of short period of the ethical aspects of
use of gadgets.
nature.

ETHICS
nature as a time. progress.
consequence.

Humans realize
Humans Humans achieve Increase in
Humans begin their
establish maximum comfort population
to look for ways settlements, and progress with
responsibility in
to control & = environmental
but seek to the introduction of More resources
manipulate move their coal, oil, electricity disasters.
their needed to
goods to other and nuclear power. answer to
surroundings. places.
 2.1

Environmental Ethics
IS S
R I

IS
N T R
T

M TR
E
O C
EN ecosyste individual

EN
P
OC M m
O M
HR beings

OC
EC 1970s
T
N 1970s

BI
A
Humans are superior Based on moral values Considered as the
and their interests are considering nature as the upmost opposite of
emerges above all circumstances important. Anthropocentrism, it
due to and sentient beings. Ideals: believes life is the most
God-centeredness * all human activity must important thing.
Middle consider the conservation of the
Arne Naess
Ages natural environment. Humans should coexist
Renaissanc
1972
(5thChurch
The – 15th was * Humans should consider with nature, and all
e activities should seek to
c.) and
powerful themselves as equals to other
(15th is– the
Man 16th avoid negative impact on
decided the species.
c.) of the
core all living beings.
knowledge the * Nature is not there to cater to
 2.1

Environmental Ethics
Ethical Analysis of “Grow and dominate the Earth”
2.3

Environmental Problems GENESIS

In order to make ethical decisions on

environmental problems, we must deliberate
with ethical judgment.

- DOCUMENTATION
Collect evidence

- ANALYSIS
Examine all parties involved and consider the
relevant facts, laws and principles.
- PRONOUNCEMENT WHAT should we do?
Provide probable solutions within the ethical, WHY should we do it?
legal, social, techological or religious norms. HOW should we do it?
WHO should do it?
 “An ethical dilemma​ describes a conflict between two morally correct
Environmental Dilemmas courses of action. There is a conflict between values or principles. The
2.3
dilemma is that you would be doing something right and wrong at the
1 - BIOFUELS same time, and by taking one right course you will negate the other right
course.” College of Physiotherapists of Ontario, Ethics E-Learning Module

2 – DAM WATER

3 – CONSUMPTION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
4 – USE OF PLASTIC
 01
Context of Federal Law to Protect and Control Environmental
2.4
Pollution
Environmental 1971 PURPOSE: Regulate water, soil and air pollution

Management in Mexico ORGANISM IN CHARGE: Ministry of Health and Assistance

(SSA)

E
Federal Law for Environmental Protection
nvironmental 02 PURPOSE: Monitor health problems related to pollution, problems
responsibility in the world in urban environments and deterioration of natural ecosystems.
1982 ORGANISM IN CHARGE: Ministry of Urban Development and
arises from Ecology (SEDUE)
the Stockholm 1972
General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
Declaration.
2 weeks (June 5th-16th) PURPOSE: Prevent pollution and conserve natural resources
ORGANISMS IN CHARGE:
107 states *Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL) 1992
03 *National Institute of Ecology (INE) 1992
109 recommendations 1988
*Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection (PROFEPA) 1992
*Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries (SEMARNAP)
26 principles 1994
1996 AFTER REFORMING THE LAW IN 1996:
*The term “sustainable development” is included
*National Water Comission (CONAGUA)
*Mexican Institute of Water Technology
*National Fisheries Institute
*Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT) 2000
*Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food
(SAGARPA)
*Program to Promote Sustainable Development 2001 2000
Legal Framework and 2.6

Environmental Instruments in
Mexico
Our Environmental framework is based on
our Constitution in its articles:
Art. 27 – Land, water and soil resources in the
national territory belong to the Nation.
Art. 73, section XVI – The Sanitation Council will
determine and put into action measures to prevent
environmental pollution.
Art. 25 – Activities such as oil, metal and mineral extraction, exploration and others that empower economic
growth and create jobs must guarantee social equity, productivity and sustainability whilst preserving the
environment.
Art. 4 – Men and women are equal in the face of Law. They have a right to a family, health, culture, a healthy
lifestyle through physical activitiy and a healthy environment for their development and well-being.
 CONCLUSIONS
2.7

Environmental Environmental
As a branch of Philosophy & Ethics,
EE guide the way we act towards na- Ethics Climate change
Pollution
dilemmas
ture.
Loss of biodiversity
Deforestation Ethical judg-
Our behaviors have created complex ment
problems that lead us to ecocide. Waste

3 Positions emerge: Environmental regulations

Anthropocentrism – revolves around have led to the creation of
humans several organisms in our
Ecocentrism – Nature is country to monitor and
Biocentrism – moral value to all be- regulate environmental
ings laws
Environmental Ethics
https://www.collegept.org/Assets/website/elearning/E-Learni
ngEthics/2019/content/index.html#/

Stockholm Declaration
REFERENCES
https://mwvlw.rlp.de/fileadmin/mwkel/Abteilung_2/8206/06_Nachhaltigkeit_global/1
972_Stockholm_Erklaerung_en.pdf

Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico

http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/1_201219.pdf