Lab 3150:

Week Three
Spring 2022
 Attendance/Check-In

Answers to Ch. One & Two Study Guide

Overview of Chapter Three

Schedule Quiz 1 Review

Reminders

Questions
Attendance/
Check-In
Answers to Ch. One & Two Study
Guide
1.1 What is Speech & Hearing Science the
study of? 

• Speech production
• Speech acoustics
• Speech perception
• Swallowing
1.2 List and briefly describe the 4 subsystems
of speech & swallowing:

• Breathing: Largest subsystem; provides driving forces for speech production. Includes structures below the larynx
within the neck and torso.
• Laryngeal: The “voice box”; also active in closing off the airway during swallowing. Located between the trachea
(windpipe) and pharynx (throat).
• Velopharyngeal-nasal: During swallowing, the port is sealed to prevent food and liquid from going into the nasal cavity.
Consists of the upper pharynx, velum, nasal cavities, and outer nose.
• Pharyngeal-oral: Typically open during inspiration and makes different adjustments for consonant and vowel
productions during expiration; also prepares food and liquid and propels into the esophagus. Consists of the middle and
lower pharynx, oral cavity, and oral vestibule.
• *Most commonly marked question on the Study Guide because it was just listed, not described!
1.3 List the 4 subsystems of the Auditory
System: 

• Outer Ear
• Middle Ear
• Inner Ear
• Auditory Nerve
2.1 What are the main features of the skeletal
framework of the breathing apparatus?

• Vertebral column
• Ribs
• Pectoral girdle
• Coxal hip bones
• Pelvic girdle
2.2 List the parts of the breathing apparatus, the parts of the
pulmonary apparatus, and the parts of the chest wall.

• Breathing Apparatus
• Pulmonary apparatus and chest wall

• Pulmonary Apparatus
• Pulmonary airways and lungs

• Chest Wall
• Rib cage wall, diaphragm, abdominal wall, and abdominal content.
2.3 What is the function of the diaphragm?

• Forms the convex floor of the thorax and the concave roof of the abdomen. 
• Separates the thorax and the abdomen.  
• Large and dome shaped and the left side is positioned slightly lower than the right.
• Located below the lungs
• The major muscle of respiration
• Contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily.
• Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. 
When exhaling, the diaphragm expands and the chest cavity compresses.
2.4 Describe how the diaphragm moves when
it contracts and relaxes.

• Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity
enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs.
• Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and
air is forced out of the lungs.
2.5 What is alveolar pressure?

•  Sum of all the passive and active forces operating on the breathing apparatus. 
• Generated by the collision of air molecules within the pulmonary apparatus. 
• When the air molecules are crowded, more collisions occur and pressure is
higher.  In contrast, when air molecules are less crowded, fewer collisions
occur and alveolar pressure is lower. 
Overview of Chapter Three
The Larynx

• Voice box
• Air valve positioned between the trachea
(windpipe) and the pharynx (throat)
• Can be adjusted to vary the amount of
connection between the two
• Framework consists of bone, cartilages,
ligaments, and tendons
Types of Muscles of the Larynx

• Intrinsic
• Belonging naturally

• Extrinsic
• Coming or operating from outside

• Supplementary
• Completing or enhancing something
 Sustained
Generation of
noise
transient noise
production
production
(glottal
Laryngeal (glottal stop-
plosive)
fricative or
whisper)
Function for
Speech
Production Sustained
Running
speech
voicing
activites
Vocal Folds

• Most important laryngeal structures

• Muscular body at their core
• An intricate outer covering with
distinct layers
Vocal Fold Vibration
• Required for voice production
• Self-sustaining
• Fundamental frequency of voice (correlated with pitch)
• Rate of vocal fold vibration
• Controlled primarily by:
• Vocal fold stiffness and mass
Quiz One
Review
Kahoot Link

https://create.kahoot.it/details/61428baa-a536-4bd3-899a-2328e2b2eddb 
Reminders

Please complete chapter three study guide for your own reference. It will NOT
be turned in for a grade!
For lab on Thursday, February 10th  you can take the quiz in the classroom and
we will be there to answer any questions you may have while taking the quiz.

The quiz will ONLY be open during lab time.

Questions?