ENGLISH ASSIGNMENT

SUBMITTED TO :DR. GAURAV KUMAR MISHRA

SUBMITTED BY :
Upayan Sarkar
Amit Dutta
Subarna Banerjee
TOPIC : SPEECH
MECHANISM
 Learning Objectives :

 Introduction

 Relation between speech and language

 Stages of speaking process

 Conclusion
 Introduction:
 Speech is such a common aspect of human
expression by which we communicate with our
surroundings.
Speech and language are
different

LANGUAGE:
SPEECH: Language can be spoken
Speech can be ,heard, written-read, thought
spoken and heard , expressed in non verbal
forms
Stages of speaking process :

Breathing Stage

Phonation Stage

Resonation Stage

Articulation Stage
 Breathing Stage :
 Breathing, which is
primarily concerned with
maintaining life, is
secondarily a force
assisting in vocalization.
It consists of two phases
--- inhalation and
exhalation.
 Phonation Stage :
 Phonation takes place when
voice is produced in speaking as
the expiratory air stream from
the lungs goes up through the
trachea or windpipe to the
larynx.
Larynx :
• Principal organ of
phonation
• Found at the top
of the trachea
• Protuberance is
known as the
“Adam’s apple
 Resonation Stage :

The voice produced in phonation is

weak. It becomes strong and rich
only when amplified and modified by
the human resonators. Resonation is
the process of voice amplification and
modification.
Pharynx :
• Common passageway
for air and food
• Located behind the
nose and mouth and
includes the cavity at
the back of the tongue
• Divisions of the
pharynx:
– Nasal pharynx
– Oral pharynx
– Laryngeal pharynx
Mouth :
• Divided into the vestibule
and the oral cavity
proper
• Vestibule – felt by placing
the tongue tip outside
the teeth but inside the
lips
• Oral cavity – felt by
retracting the tongue,
closing the jaws and
moving the tongue about
Resonators :
UPPER
PART OF
THE
LARYNX
LARYNX

ORAL RESONATOR
RESONATOR PHARYNX
CAVITY SS PHARYNX

NASAL
NASAL
CAVITY
CAVITY
 Articulation Stage :

Articulation occurs when the

tone produced in the larynx is
changed into specific sounds.
This is the result of the
movement of the articulators
towards the points of
articulation.
Dome :
• Also known as the
hard palate
• Bony roof of the
mouth
• Serves as an
important surface
against which the
tongue makes
contact
Uvula :
• Small nub on the
lower border of
the soft palate
• Movable tip at
the midline of
the free border
of the soft palate
Velum :
• Also known as the
soft palate
• Separates the
nasal
pharynx from the
oral cavity
• A flexible curtain
attached along the
rear border of the
hard palate
Tongue :
• Flexible organ
consisting of muscles,
glands and connective
tissues
• Parts of the tongue:
– Apex or tip
– Blade
• Front
• Centre
• Back
• root
Articulators :
LOWER
JAW

LOWER
UVULA
LIP

TONGU
VELUM
E
Diagram of respiration , phonation, articulation
THANK YOU