SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY RESOURCES

IN CASE OF AN INJURY OR EMERGENCY

 Learning competency:
• Identifies school and community resources in case of
an injury or emergency
• As you participate in physical activities, whether in school or in
the community, it is good practice to know your school and
community’s resources in case of injury or emergency. Being
familiar with it makes response to injuries or emergencies more
immediate and efficient, thus lessening the severity of the injury
or emergency.
 Resources
• Resources refer to the supplies, equipment, facilities, and
services that can be utilized in case of a sports- or fitness-
related injury or emergency.
• They include both material and human resources such as safety
supplies, equipment, facilities, qualified and trained emergency
personnel, as well as standard protocols set for such situations.
 Resources
• Emergency response
begins with the
preparation of both
equipment and
personnel. When
these have been
prepared adequately,
the school and
community are
deemed ready for an
injury or emergency.
It is important that you are able to identify these resources so that injuries
or emergencies will be addressed immediately and efficiently.
 
FIRST AID
 1. First Aid Kit
• First aid is the immediate care given to a
person who has been injured or suddenly
becomes ill.
• First aid deals with self-help and proper home
care, especially if medical assistance is not
immediately available.
• The goal of first aid is to alleviate suffering,
prevent added/further injury or danger, and
prolong life.
 1. First Aid Kit
• The first aid kit is a set of supplies
and equipment used to administer first
aid.
• In your school and community, first
aid kits should be available, visible,
and readily accessible in case of
injuries or emergencies.
• It should also be regularly checked for
completeness and freshness of
supplies.
The usual supplies found in a first aid kit include
the following:
 Triangula  Rubbing  gloves  iodine
r bandage alcohol  gauze  scissors
 Tongue  Swabs  cotton  penlight
depressor  Athletic
 Wound tape
dressings  forceps
 Adhesive
bandage
Other equipment that should be included to aid
in first aid are the following:

 Spine board  Blankets

 Sets of splints  Short
 Wheelchair board/kendrick’s
extrication devise
 poles
 First Aid Kit
The first aid kit is usually located in strategic places in school like
the clinic, gym, playground, and security stations. In the
community, first aid kits should be located in the community
centers like community hall or office and recreation centers.
 First Aid Kit
• It is advisable that a signage be
placed where the first aid kit and
equipment are located. This can
either be attached to a wall or post
or suspended.
• It is also important that
emergency response supplies and
equipment are easy to spot and
retrieve. Signage should be
strategically placed and supplies
and equipment should be easy to
retrieve.
EMERGENCY NUMBERS AND
PHONE/TWO-WAY RADIO
 Emergency Numbers and Phone/Two-way Radio
• Emergency numbers include police
department, fire department, Philippine
Red Cross (PRC), and other pertinent
numbers.
• These numbers are usually compiled per
area (i.e. locality, municipality, city) and
written on a calling card or bookmark or
even larger. In schools, emergency
numbers could include the clinic,
security, and other offices.
 Emergency Numbers and Phone/Two-way Radio

Emergency numbers should also

be posted near phones and inside
offices. It is advisable that in the
gym and recreation centers,
phones are visible so that school
personnel or other individuals can
notify pertinent offices or
departments in case of injury or
emergency.
Emergency Response Procedure/Emergency Action
Plan (EAP)
• For schools and the community
(and in any other institution), the
presence of first aid kits,
emergency numbers and phones,
and equipment should not be the
end of their emergency response.
• They should set procedures on how
to respond to injuries or
emergencies.
• These procedures are standard
ways of responding to emergencies.
Emergency Response Procedure/Emergency Action
Plan (EAP)

• These procedures make up what is

called an Emergency Action Plan
(EAP).
• It is a plan developed for
immediate implementation
whenever the need arises,
providing appropriate standards of
emergency care to all present.
The EAP usually include the following:

1. Emergency Personnel – detailed First Aid arrangements for on-site emergencies; may consist of
teachers, physicians and nurses, athletic coaches, security and maintenance personnel (for schools), or
community leaders, and homeowners’ association president, (for community)
 
2. Emergency Communication – emergency numbers, phones/two-way radio, public announcement (PA)
system
 
3. Emergency Equipment – first aid kit, wheelchair, spine board, stretcher, blankets, poles, etc.
 
4. Medical Transportation – confirmation of local ambulance (c/o PRC), Basic Life Support, etc.
 
5. Non-medical Transportation – wheelchairs, stretcher, etc.
 
6. Emergency Contact List – clinic, local hospital, etc.
 
7. Venue Information – transportations, identified entrance, exits, and access routes
School personnel (e.g. teachers, security and maintenance
personnel) and community leaders know, understand, and follow
these procedures every time an emergency happens because it has
been standardized. These procedures are usually laid out in writing
so that personnel crucial in the emergency response are notified and
that immediate attention is given.
In the community, it is advisable to form a community emergency
response team which will be the emergency personnel in your EAP.
It is advisable that the members of the community know who forms
this emergency response team.
 You may not know all the procedures of your school and community in responding
to emergencies. However, what is important is you know who to notify in case an
emergency happens. The most immediate personnel you need to notify in case you
are in your school especially in the gym are the PE teachers or any teacher present,
maintenance personnel, or security personnel.
 
DANCE-RELATED INJURIES
The popularity of dance and dance-related
competitions in the recent years saw a
concomitant rise in dance-related injuries. Similar
to athletes, dancers are highly motivated to
perform well. They push their body to the limit
and spend hours in technique training and
mastering a choreography. On the other hand,
dancers place a great value on their physique that
they often do not get proper nourishment, a habit
that could impede their recovery. These and other
factors predispose a dancer to injury.
 INJURY RISK FACTORS

Researchers tried to identify the factors that influence

injury risk. According to the Meeuwisse model (1994), some
intrinsic factors predispose an individual to injury and
another set of extrinsic factors increase the susceptibility of
an individual. However, these risk factors require an event
(e.g., behaviour) that will lead to an injury.
INJURY RISK FACTORS
 1. Poor body alignment and technique

• The anatomical alignment and technique of

the dancer are some of the intrinsic factors
that are commonly associated with injury.
• Dance requires moving the limbs in a
controlled and precise manner.
• These movements are anchored to the trunk,
which means that the trunk should be stable
and the spine is aligned properly.
 1. Poor body alignment and technique

• Poor spinal alignment and low trunk stability

can lead to uncoordinated movements, which
predispose an individual to injury. Some
dance styles such as break dancing require
perfect execution of technique to ensure the
safety of the individual.
 2. Excessive training duration and intensity
• Excessive training and limited recovery impairs the ability to
heal and repair damaged tissues.
• Intense technique training will most likely lead to microscopic
injury to the musculoskeletal structures due to repetitive
loading.
• Without proper rest and sufficient nutrition, the body is not able
to rebuild the tissues and this predisposes the dancer to a severe
injury. An abrupt increase in training intensity will also lead to
this scenario.
 3. Hard dance floor
• The floor is where dancers rehearse and perform. An optimal
dance floor should be able to absorb the impact that is generated
by the performer.
• A hard floor does not help in dissipating he impact and returns
the force to the dancer.
• The repetitive shock absorbed by the foot would eventually
damage the foot or other parts of the lower extremity.
 4. Poor shoe design
• Footwear is able to correct foot
mechanics and reduce the impact on
the foot.
• A shoe that does not fit properly or
has insufficient shock absorption will
significantly contribute to injury risk.
• Furthermore, some materials used on
the soles do not offer sufficient
traction on the floor and this could
lead to slips and falls.
 5. Muscle imbalance
• Muscle imbalance is an uncoordinated muscle action because of
uneven strength between muscle groups.
• This is attributed to various factors such as anatomy, technique,
and past injury. For example, the thigh muscles pull up the
patella or kneecap every time it contracts.
• In many individuals, the muscles on the outer thigh are much
stronger than the muscles on the inner thigh.
• This causes the patella to move slightly outwards instead of
going up straight. Over time, the repetitive abnormal motion of
the patella irritates the knee joint, which leads to pain and
inflammation (Sommer, 1988).
COMMON TYPES OF DANCE-RELATED
INJURIES
1. Acute injuries occur when the mechanical force that is absorbed
by the musculoskeletal structure is more than what it is accustomed
to. The onset of the pain and other symptoms occur immediately
after the impact.
Type of Injury Cause Symptom Prevention
Exercise strengthen
Twists the ankle Pain at the side of
Ankle Sprain the ankle and
after jump the ankle
improve balance
Exercise strengthen
Twists the foot when Pain at the outer part
Dancer’s Fracture the ankle and
turning of the foot
improve balance
Sudden movement Pain and stiffness in Proper posture and
Back Strain
of the trunk the low back technique
Exercise strengthen
Twists the knee after Pain and weakness
ACL Tear the ankle and
jump in the knee
improve balance
Falls on an Pain and deformity Fall on the side or
Forearm Fracture
outstretched arm near the wrist buttocks
Chronic injuries occur due to repetitive trauma and the body is not
given enough time to recover. The onset of pain and other
symptoms occur at a gradual rate, which is usually worsened with
activity or training.
Type of Injury Cause Symptom Prevention

Prolonged repetitive Pain at the front of

Stress Fracture Adequate rest
loading the leg (i.e. shin)

Pain near the heel in

Achilles Tendinosis Excessive training Adequate rest
the morning

Patellofemoral Pain Pain at the side of Strengthening and

Muscle imbalance
Syndrome the knee flexibility exercises
Pain at the sole when
Poor foot mechanics Proper technique and
Plantar Fasciitis they take a step after
and hard dance floor footwear
sleeping
Hip and Knee Prolonged repetitive Pain that worsens
Adequate rest
Osteoarthritis loading over time
 Let’s  

practice
ACTIVITY
 
1: REAL LIFE INJURY AND
EMERGENCY SITUATION
 
Identify school and community resources in case of an
injury or emergency. Answer Activity 1: Real Life Injury
and Emergency Situation.
 Let’s 

practice
1. Kimmie is a cheerleader. During her training, she accidentally
 

twists her ankle after a jump. She was grimacing in pain and crying
and was later reported to have suffered serious injuries to her
ankle. If you were in the situation, how would you respond? What
do you think are the resources that would be used to respond to the
patient?
 Let’s 

practice
2. Two friends agreed to attend a dance performance in your
 

barangay. They observed that one of the dancers is unable to move

and appears to be disoriented while watching. If you were in this
circumstance, what would you do? What resources do you think
the dancer's response might entail?
 Let’s 

practice
3. Shiela began practicing the dance moves for the forthcoming
 

school event. During the training, she complains of having

backache. What are the options for dealing with a situation like
this? What resources do you believe would be used to assist the
patient?