LINEAR EQUATIONS PART I

1. Basic Coordinate Plane Info Assignments

2. Review on Plotting Points
3. Finding Slopes
4. x and y intercepts
5. Slope-Intercept Form of a Line
6. Graphing Lines
Determine the equation of a line given two p
7.
oints, slope and one point, or a graph.
 COORDINATE PLANE
Y-axis

Parts of a plane
1.X-axis
2.Y-axis
QUAD II QUAD I 3.Origin
4.Quadrants I-IV

Origin ( 0 , 0 )

X-axis

QUAD III QUAD IV

 PLOTTING POINTS
Remember when plotting
points you always start at
B the origin. Next you go left
C
(if x-coordinate is negative)
or right (if x-coordinate is
positive. Then you go up (if
y-coordinate is positive) or
down (if y-coordinate is
negative)
A
D Plot these 4 points
A (3, -4), B (5, 6), C (-4, 5)
and D (-7, -5)
 SLOPE
Slope is the ratio of the vertical rise to the horizontal
run between any two points on a line. Usually
referred to as the rise over run.Run is 6 Slope triangle between two
because we points. Notice that the slope
went to the triangle can be drawn two
Rise is 10 right different ways.
because we Rise is -10
went up because we
went down
 10 5
The slope in this case is 
Run is -6 6 3
because we
went to the
left 10 5
The slope in this case is 
6 3
Another way to
find slope
 FORMULA FOR FINDING SLOPE
The formula is used when you know
two points of a line.

They look like A( X 1 , Y1 ) and B( X 2 , Y2 )

RISE Y2 − Y1 Y1 − Y2
SLOPE = = =
RUN X 2 − X1 X1 − X 2

EXAMPLE
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Find the slope of the line between the two points (-4, 8) and (10, -4)
If it helps label the points. X 1 Y1 X2 Y2

Then use the

formula Y2 − Y1 (−4) − (8)
X 2 − X1 SUBSTITUTE INTO FORMULA (10) − (−4)

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(10) − (−4) 10 + 4 14 7
Then Simplify = = =−
(−4) − (8) −4 + (−8) −12 6
 X AND Y INTERCEPTS
The x-intercept is the x-coordinate of a point
where the graph crosses the x-axis.

The y-intercept is the y-coordinate of a point

where the graph crosses the y-axis.

The x-intercept would be 4 and is

located at the point (4, 0).

The y-intercept is 3 and is

located at the point (0, 3).
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM OF A LINE
The slope intercept form of a line is y = mx + b, where
“m” represents the slope of the line and “b”
represents the y-intercept.

When an equation is in slope-intercept form the

“y” is always on one side by itself. It can not be
more than one y either.

If a line is not in slope-intercept form, then we must

solve for “y” to get it there.
Examples
 IN SLOPE-INTERCEPT NOT IN SLOPE-INTERCEPT
y = 3x – 5 y – x = 10
y = -2x + 10 2y – 8 = 6x
y = -.5x – 2 y + 4 = 2x

Put y – x = 10 into slope-intercept form

Add x to both sides and would get y = x + 10

Put 2y – 8 = 6x into slope-intercept form.

Add 8 to both sides then divide by 2 and would get y = 3x + 4

Put y + 4 = 2x into slope-intercept form.

Subtract 4 from both sides and would get y = 2x – 4.
 GRAPHING LINES
BY MAKING A TABLE OR USING THE
SLOPE-INTERCEPT FORM
I could refer to the table method by input-output table or x-y table. For now I
want you to include three values in your table. A negative number, zero, and a
positive number.
Graph y = 3x + 2
INPUT (X) OUTPUT (Y)
-2 -4
0 2
1 5

By making a table it gives me three points, in this case (-2, -4) (0, 2) and (1, 5) to plot
and draw the line.

See the graph.

 Plot (-2, -4), (0, 2) and (1, 5)

Then draw the line. Make sure your

line covers the graph and has
arrows on both ends. Be sure to
use a ruler.

Slope-intercept graphing
 Slope-intercept graphing
Steps
1.Make sure the equation is in slope-intercept form.
2.Identify the slope and y-intercept.
3.Plot the y-intercept.
4.From the y-intercept use the slope to get another point to draw the line.

1. y = 3x + 2
2. Slope = 3 (note that this means the
fraction or rise over run could be (3/1)
or (-3/-1). The y-intercept is 2.
3. Plot (0, 2)
4. From the y-intercept, we are going
rise 3 and run 1 since the slope was
3/1.
 FIND EQUATION OF A LINE GIVEN 2
POINTS
Find the equation of the line between (2, 5) and (-2, -3).

1. Find the slope between the two

points.
1. Slope is 2.
2. Plug in the slope in the slope-
2. y = 2x + b
intercept form.
3. Picked (2, 5) so
3. Pick one of the given points and plug
(5) = 2(2) + b
in numbers for x and y.
4. b = 1
4. Solve and find b.
5. y = 2x + 1
5. Rewrite final form.

Two other ways

Steps if given the slope and
a point on the line.
1.Substitute the slope into
the slope-intercept form.
2.Use the point to plug in
for x and y.
3.Find b.
4.Rewrite equation.
If given a graph there are three
ways.
One way is to find two points on
the line and use the first method
we talked about.
Another would be to find the
slope and pick a point and use the
second method.
The third method would be to find
the slope and y-intercept and plug
it directly into y = mx + b.