


Dapdap Street, Poblacion 3 Carcar City, Cebu
Tel.Nos: 487-8927/ 487-7670/ 09562796609

A Teaching- Learning Package in Mathematics 8

Teacher: Maryland V. Pasilan

Method: Deductive Method
TLP 17: Graphs of linear Equations in Two Variables
Objectives: Through the discussion and examples, the students will be able to:
1. Use a two- point method un graphing the line;
2. Use the intercept method in graphing the line;
3. Use slope intercept method in graphing the line.

A. ACTIVATION
Motivation
Observe the diagram below.
From your previous TLPs, you have learned how to plot points or ordered pairs in a plane. In the graph
below, identify the set of y and x. We use the formula y = 150x

y : ______________________________________________________
x: _______________________________________________________
So, what are the ordered pairs in the given graphs?
________________________________________________________

Generalization
Graphing A Linear Equation In Two Variables
You already identified the set of ordered pairs which are

( 14 , 37.50 ) ,( 12 , 75) , ( 1,150 ) ,(1 12 , 225) ,∧(2,300)

The set of all points that satisfy equation is called the graph of the equation. Thus. To graph an equation
requires plotting some points that are solutions to the equation.
If we are to plot thousands of solutions, the dots that we drew could merge into a solid line. Hence, we
connect the points with a line. In fact, the graph of any linear equation in two variables is a straight line.
Note that the coordinate of any point on the line will satisfy the equation y=150x.
The graph of y=150x is limited to the first quadrant since the domain, or set of all possible values of x,
cannot be negative, and the range, or the set of all possible values of y, cannot be negative.
 Since the graph of a linear equation in two variables is a straight line, we only need to plot two points to
determine the line, but it is better to plot a third point to verify.
o Can we make a graph with only one point? Why?
o Can we graph with only two points? Why?
o Do graphing with two points valid?
Hence, there are several ways to sketch the graph of a linear equation. Here are three ways to do it.
B. DEVELOPMENT
Exemplification and
Verification and Rejection
A. Two-Point Method.
In this method, you have to find two points that will satisfy the given equation.
Example 1
Graph x+y=4
Solution:
Choose any values for x, preferably integers, for ease in computations. Find the corresponding y value
for each and write the numbers in a table of values.
a) Let x = 1, then
x+y=4 Given.
1+y=4 Substitute 1 to x.
y = 4-1 Transpose(transfer) 1 to the other side and it will become -1.
y=3 Then Simplify.
Hence, the point is (1,3)
b) Let x = 3, then
x+y=4 Given.
3+y=4 Substitute 3 to x.
y = 4-3 Transpose(transfer) 3 to the other side and it will become -3.
y=1 Then Simplify.
Hence, the point is (3,1)
The ordered pairs are (1,3) and (3,1).
Plot and connect the points in the coordinate plane

Example 2
Graph. 2x + y =4
Solutions:
Choose any values for x, preferably integers, for ease in computations. Find the corresponding y value for each
and write the numbers in a table of values.
a) Let x = -2
2x + y =-4 Given.
2(-2) + y = - 4 Substitute – 2 to x.
 -4 + y = -4 Simplify.
y = -4 + 4 Transpose(transfer) – 4 to the other side and it will become 4.
y=0 Simplify
Hence the point is (-2,0)
b) Let x = 0
2x + y =-4 Given.
2(0) + y = - 4 Substitute 0 to x.
0+ y = -4 Simplify.
y = -4
Hence the point is (0,-4)
The ordered pairs are (-2,0) and (0,-4).
Plot and connect the points in the coordinate plane

Example 3
Graph 2x – 4y = 6
Solution:
Choose any values for x, preferably integers, for ease in computations. Find the corresponding y value
for each and write the numbers in a table of values.
a) Let x = 1, then
2x – 4y = 6 Given.
2(1) – 4y = 6 Substitute
2 - 4y = 6 2(1) = 2.
- 4y = -2+6 Transpose(transfer) 2 to the other side and it will become -2.
- 4y = 4 Simplify.
y = -1 Divide both sides by -4.
Hence the point is (1, -1).
b) Let x = 4, then
2x – 4y = 6 Given.
2 (4) – 4y = 6 Substitute 4 to x.
8 – 4y = 6 2(4) = 8
- 4y = 6 – 8 Transpose(transfer) 8 to the other side and it will become – 8.
- 4y = -2 6 -8 = -2.
1 −4 y −2 −2 1
y= Divide both sides by -4. = ------ y = or .
2 −4 −4 −4 2
1
Hence the point is (4, ¿.
2
1
The ordered pairs are (1, -1) and (4, ¿.
2
Plot and connect the points in the coordinate plane
Note: When graphing an equation, label the line with the equation.

Example 4
Graph 2x – 3y = 6.
Solution:
Choose any values for x, preferably integers, for ease in computations. Find the corresponding y value
for each and write the numbers in a table of values.
a) Let x = -3, then
2x – 3y = 6 Given.
2(-3) – 3y = 6 Substitute -3 to x.
- 6 - 3y = 6 2(-3) = - 6.
- 3y = 6+6 Transpose(transfer) -6 to the other side and it will become 6.
- 3y = 12 Simplify.
y = -4 Divide both sides by -3.
Hence the point is (-3, -4).
b) Let x = 0, then
2x – 3y = 6 Given.
2 (0) – 3y = 6 Substitute 0 to x.
0 – 3y = 6 2(0) = 0
- 3y = 6
y=-2 Divide both sides by -3.
Hence the point is (0, −2 ¿.
The ordered pairs are (-3,-4) and (0,-2).
Plot and connect the points in the coordinate plane

Practice!
Try This #1!
[ Students are given time to answer and for clarifications.]
Using any points, graph the following.
1. Graph. 3x – y = -3. 2. x – 2y = 4.
(Put your answers here. You can use another sheet of paper. Just put Try This #2!)
1. 2.
B. Intercept Method
Consider the graph at the right.
The graph of the line crosses or intersects the x – and y – axes. These
points of intersection are called intercepts. The x-intercept is the
intersection of the graph and the x-axis. Denote the x-intercept as a.
Thus, the point of intersection of the graph and the x-axis is (a,0).
The y-intercept is the intersection of the graph and the y-axis. Denote
the y-axis as b. Thus, the point of intersection of the graph and the y-
axis is (0,b).
This method is the easiest way of graphing the line.

For the equation 2x – 3y =6 in the example 4 above, the x-intercept of the line is 3 and the y-intercept of
the line is -2.

Steps In Graphing Using the Intercept Method.

1. Locate the x-intercept. (Let y = 0).
2. Locate the y-intercept. (Let x =0).
3. As a check, find the third point by choosing a convenient value for either x or y and then solving for
the other variable.
4. Draw a straight line through the points.

Example 1
Graph 3x – 4y = -12.
Solutions:
To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x.
3x – 4y = -12 Given.
3x – 4(0) = -12 Substitute 0 to y.
3x – 0 = -12 4(0) = 0.
3x = -12
x = -4 Divide both sides by 3.
Hence, a = -4. The point is (-4,0).
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0 and solve for y.
3x – 4y =-12 Given.
3(0) – 4y = -12 Substitute 0 to x.
0 – 4y = -12 3(0) = 0.
- 4y = -12
y=3 Divide both sides by -4.
Hence, b = 3. The point is (0,3)
The x-intercept is (-4,0) and y-intercept (0,3).
Plot the intercepts in the coordinate plane and connect.
Example 2
Graph 3x – 2y = 6.
Solution:
To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x.
3x – 2y = 6 Given.
3x – 2(0) = 6 Substitute 0 to y.
3x – 0 = 6 2(0) = 0.
3x = 6
x=2 Divide both sides by 3.
Therefore, a = 2. The point is (2,0).
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0 and solve for y.
3x – 2y = 6 Given.
3(0) – 2y = 6 Substitute 0 to x.
0 – 2y = 6 3(0) = 0.
- 2y = 6
y = -3 Divide both
sides by -2.
Therefore, b = -3. The point is (0,-3)
The x-intercept is (2,0) and y-intercept (0,-3).
Plot the intercepts in the coordinate plane and connect.

Example 3
Graph 3x +2y = 9.
Solution:
To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x.
3x +2y = 9 Given.
3x + 2(0) = 9 Substitute 0 to y.
3x + 0 = 9 2(0) = 0.
3x = 9
x=9 Divide both sides by 3.
Therefore, a = 9. The point is (9,0).
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0 and solve for y.
3x +2y = 9 Given.
3(0) + 2y = 9 Substitute 0 to x.
0 + 2y =9 3(0) = 0.
2y = 9
9 1
y = or 4 Divide
2 2
both sides by 2.
9 1 1
Therefore, b = or 4 . The point is (0, 4 ).
2 2 2
1
The x-intercept is (9,0) and y-intercept (0, 4 ).
2
Plot the intercepts in the coordinate plane and connect.
Example 4
Graph 2x – 7y = 14
Solution:
To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x.
2x – 7y = 14 Given.
2x – 7(0) = 14 Substitute 0 to y.
2x - 0 = 14 7(0) = 0.
2x = 14
x=7 Divide both sides by 2.
Therefore, a = 7. The point is (7,0).
To find the y-intercept, let x = 0 and solve for y.
2x – 7y = 14 Given.
2(0) – 7y = 14 Substitute 0 to x.
0 – 7y = 14 2(0) = 0.
- 7y = 14
y = -2 Divide both sides by -7.
Therefore, b = -2. The point is (0,-2).

The x-intercept is (7,0) and y-intercept (0, -2).

Plot the intercepts in the coordinate plane and connect.

Practice!
Try This #2!
[ Students are given time to answer and for clarifications.]
Graph the following intercept method.
1. 2x – 9y = 18. 2. x – y = 3.
(Put your answers here. You can use another sheet of paper. Just put Try This #1!)
1. 2.
C. Slope – Intercept Method
The general equation of the line, ax + by = c, can be written in the slope – intercept form y = mx + b.
ax + by = c
by = - ax + c
a c
y = - x+
b b

a −c
Therefore, m = - ∧b= , where m is the slope of the line and b is the y – intercept. (Recall your
b b
knowledge about slope from the previous TLP.)
Example 1
Express each equation below into slope- intercept form and determine the slope and x – intercept.
a) y = - 3x +7, this equation is already in the form y = mx + b, where m = -3; b = 7.
b) 4x – 2y = 8
a = 4, b = - 2, c = -8
−a −4
Therefore, m = = =2
b −2
−c −(−8)
b= = =−4
b −2
Thus, the slope – intercept form is y = 2x -4.
c) -2x + 5y = - 8
a = -2, b = 5 and c = -8
−a −(−2) 2
m= = = Use the given formula and substitute. Simplify.
b 5 5
−c −(−8) 8
b= = =
b 5 5
2 8
Therefore, y = x +
5 5

Practice!
Try This #3!
[ Students are given time to answer and for clarifications.]
Express each equation in the slope-intercept form.
1. -3x + 2y = -6 2. - 4x - 3y =9
[Use another sheet of paper for your answer and solutions. Just put Try This #2!]

Once you know the slope and the y – intercept, then you can graph the line.
Example 2
Consider graphing the equations in Example 1.
a) y = -3x+7, where m = -3 and b = 7.
Plot the y – intercept (0,7) in the coordinate
plane. From the y – intercept, move the indicated
number of rise and run (slope). Put a point where
you stop and connect it to the y – intercept.
 The slope has a rise of -3 (means go down ) and a run of 1 (run to the right). The line falls to the right,
since the slope is negative.

b) 4x – 2y = 8; slope-intercept form: y = 2x -4; m = 2, b = -4.

Plot the y-intercept and count the number of rise and run. Since m = 2, then the rise is 2(means go up)
and the run is 1(run to the right).
The direction of the line is rising to the right because the slope is positive.

rise 4
m= = = 2. (Note:
run 2
Whole number will always have a
denominator of 1.)
The slope has a rise of 4 (means go up ) and a run of 2 (run
to the right). The line falls to the right, since the slope is negative.

Example 3
Graph 2x+3y = 12
Solution:
If the equation is in the standard form, first thing to do is to write the equation in the slope- intercept
form then identify the slope and the y-intercept.
2x + 3y = 12 Given
3y = -2x + 12 Transpose 2x to other side and it will become -2x.
−2 12
y= x+ divide both sides by 3.
3 3
−2
y= x +4 Simplify.
3
−2
Hence, m = and b = 4. Identify the slope and y-intercept (b).
3

The slope has a rise of -2 (means go down by) and a run of

3(run to the right). The line falls to the right, since the slope is
negative.

Example 4
Graph 5x - 2y = 14.
Solution:
 If the equation is in the standard form, first thing to do is to write the equation in the slope- intercept
form then identify the slope and the y-intercept
4x –2y = 14
- 2y = -5x +14 Transpose 2x to other side and it will become -2x.
−5
y= x+7 Divided both sides by -2.
−2
5
or y = x +14
2
5
Hence, m = and b = 7
2

The y-intercept is (0,7). The slope has a rise of 5 (means go

up) and a run of 2 (run to right). The line falls to the right, since
the slope is negative.
(Note: Whole number will always have a denominator of 1.)

Practice!
Try This #3!
Graph the equations from Try this # 3!
[ Students are given time to answer and for clarifications.]
1. 2.

C.CULMINATION
Assessment
A. Answer the following briefly.
1. What are the three ways to graph the line?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. In equation y = mx+ b, what does m stand for? What about b?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. If the line passes through (-4,0) and (0,2), the x – intercept is _________________ and the y – intercept is
_______________.
4. If m = -5/2, what is the direction of the line?
__________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Fill in the blanks with the term that correctly completes the statement.
1. Lines parallel to the y – axis are ______________________________ lines.
2. Lines parallel to the x – axis are ______________________________ lines.
3. The graph of any linear equation in two variables is a ______________________________ line.
4. The ______________________________ of a line is the point (0,b) where the line intersects the y – axis.
5. The ______________________________ of a line is the point (a, 0) where the line intersects the x – axis.

Evaluation
Students are group into 5. They need to present their answers of the following activity.
A. Find any two points that will satisfy the equation then graph using the two – point method.
1. -2x + y = 1 2. 2x – 5y = -11

B. Using the
intercept method,
graph the
following.
1. 8x + y = 4
2. 2x + 5y = 5.
C. Graph using the slope – intercept method.
1. y = 3x -2 2. 2x + 3y = 3