Name:

Class : 12
Section :
School : Delhi Public School Udaipur.

……………….. ………………… …………………

Internal Examiner External Examiner Principal Signature
 Acknowledgement
With a deep feeling of gratitude, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my
teacher ……………………………………………………….. for giving me her valuable time,
guidance, and constructive suggestions which not only helped me successfully
complete this project but also enhanced my knowledge in general.

I would also like to convey my special thanks to our principal Mr. Sanjay
Narwaria sir for giving me the golden opportunity to work on this project and
encouraging me from time to time.

I'm sincerely obliged to my school "Delhi Public School Udaipur" and our
province chairman Mr. Govind Agrawal sir too, for providing a nurturing
atmosphere at the school.

I extend my thanks to my parents, colleagues, and friends for their cooperation

and assistance to finalize this project within a limited frame of time.
 Declaration
I declare that the entire work is a result of my hard work
and sincere efforts .

I have done this work with dedication ,commitment

and honesty.
 Certificate
Student’s name:
Standard : 12
Section:
Roll Number:
This is to certify that experiments written in the index
have been Performed By the student satisfactorily.

School Stamp Signature

FACTORS ACCEFTING EVAPORATION
Change of State
WATER CYCLE
Rate of Evaporation of different Liquids
Objective :-to investigate various factors such as nature
of liquid, surface of liquid and temperature and find
their correlation with the rate of evaporation of
different liquids.
Rate of Evaporation of different Liquids -
Introduction
when a liquid in an open vessel. It slowly escapes into gaseous phase
eventually leaving the vessel empty. This phenomenon is known as
vaporization or evaporation. Evaporation of liquids can be explained in the
terms of Kinetic molecular model although there are strong molecular
attractive forces which hold molecules together. The molecules having
sufficient kinetic energy can escape into gaseous phase. If such molecules
happen to come near the surface in a sample of liquid, all the molecules do not
have same kinetic energy. There is a small fraction of molecules which have
enough kinetic energy to overcome the attractive forces and escapes into
gaseous phase. Evaporation causes cooling. This is due to the reason that the
molecules which undergo evaporation have kinetic energy therefore the
kinetic energy of the molecules which are left behind is less. Since the
remaining molecules which are left have lower average kinetic energy.
Therefore ,Temperature is kept constant the remaining liquid will have same
distribution of the molecules.
Experiment-Procedure
1. KEEPING THE TEMPERATURE SAME
I. Take three beakers of equal volume and label them
as A,B,C,D. Pour 10ml of each liquid in these beakers.
II. Find their respective masses using
(density=mass/volume)
III. Keep the beakers at similar conditions for 30 mins
after recording their masses.
IV. After half an hour note the masses of these beakers
and calculate the loss in mass of them
Experiment-Observation
Density of water = 1g/cc
Density of acetone=0.791g/cc
Density of acetaldehyde=0.78g/cc
Density of ethanol=0.789/cc
Now as we have takes 10 ml of all substances,
therefore their respective masses will be:
Mass of 10ml of water=10gm
Mass of 10ml acetone=7.9gm
Mass of 10ml of acetaldehyde=7.8gm
Mass of 10ml ethanol=7.79gm
Experiment-Observation
After Keeping the beakers at room temperature for
half an hour we find the remaining masses to be:
Mass of remaining water=9.9gm
Mass of remaining acetone=7.5gm
Mass of remaining acetaldehyde=7.4gm
Mass of remaining ethanol=7.6gm
Experiment-Observation
FACTORS influencing the rate of evaporation
Temperature:-Evaporation is directly proportional to
temperature of evaporating surface. Warmer the
surface ,higher the rate of evaporation.
Air-Pressure:-Evaporation is also effected by the
atmospheric pressure exerted on the evaporating surface.
Lower pressure on open surface of the liquid results in
higher the rate of evaporation.
Relative humidity:-rate of evaporation is related to the
relative humidity of the air. Since the moisture holding
capacity of the air at a given temperature is limited, drier
air evaporates more liquid than moist air. In other words
higher the vapour pressure, lower the evaporation rate.
FACTORS influencing the rate of
evaporation
Surface area and temperature:-molecules or atoms
evaporates from the liquid’s surface area allows more
molecules and atoms to leave the liquid, and evaporation
occurs more quickly.
Intermolecular forces:-Liquids with strong
intermolecular attractions evaporates more slowly than
those with weak intermolecular attractions this is the
reason why gasoline evaporates faster than water. The
stronger the forces keeping the molecules together in
liquid state the more energy input is required to
evaporate them.
CONCLUSION
It is inferred from the Observations that temperature,
nature of liquid and surface area of container effect the
rate of evaporation.