CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN MEDICINE AND

PHARMACY „RAISA PACALO”

„The structure and function of body systems”

Gamanji Tatiana, teacher of English and medical terminology

WHY IS A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN ANATOMY
ESSENTIAL FOR ANYONE WORKING IN A MEDICAL
PROFESSION?
• In order to properly care for patients, you need to understand the basics of
anatomy and health. These are the basis for everything you do, from assisting
patients with personal hygiene to monitoring vital signs. Without understanding
how the human body works, you can't truly understand what you are doing and
why you are using a particular approach.
• Every patient's health and well-being depends upon the health care provider's
understanding of human anatomy. As a nursing assistant, it is essential that you
learn the basics of human organ systems, tissues and cells so that you know what
to look for in patients - each of these provide clues as the person's relative health.
 WHAT IS HUMAN BODY?
• The human body is a remarkable
complex, that is able to absorb the
oxygen necessary for life through
respiration and to circulate it through
the blood to the tissues. Food is
digested, providing energy. It is
given form by a skeletal system. It is
protected against injury and disease
by a layer of tissue called skin. The
science of the structure of these
major bodily systems is anatomy.
The basic units of life are cells
groups of specialized cells form
tissues and different tissues function
together to form organs. Various
organs function together to make up the
system of the human body.
TISSUE – IS MADE UP OF A SPECIALIZED GROUP OF CELLS. THERE ARE 4 BASIC TYPES OF TISSUE:

Epithelial tissue forms the skin that covers the

body lines cavities and forms glands.
Connective tissue is extensive and forms the
support and framework of the whole body.
Muscle tissue is designed to produce movement
by forcible contraction and includes three different
groups: skeletal muscle, smooth and cardiac.
Nervous tissue makes up the communication
network of the body.
 AN ORGAN – IS MADE UP OF GROUPS OF SPECIALIZED
TISSUES, WORKING TOGETHER WITH A SPECIFIC FUNCTION.
A SYSTEM – IS A GROUP OF ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER WITH
THE SAME SPECIALIZED FUNCTION.
 EXERCISE. IDENTIFY THE SYSTEM
• 1. ………….. is made up of epidermis, dermis, sebaceous (oil-producing)
glands, sudoriferous (sweat-producing) glands.
• 2. .………….. is made up of lymph nodes (tonsils and adenoids), lymph
vessels, valves, the spleen.
• 3. …………... is made up of glands: pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid,
thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes.
• 4. ………….. is made up of male and female reproductive organs.
• 5. …………… is made up of kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
• 6. …………….. includes white blood cells and organs and tissues of the lymph
system, such as the thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and bone
marrow.
7. ……………… is made up of mouth (teeth, tongue and salivary
glands), epiglottis, esophagus, stomach, intestines, accessory
organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
8. ……………… is made up of brain, spinal cord and nerves.
9. ……………….. is made up of lungs and air passages. Nasal
passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
10. ……………….. is made up of heart, blood vessels (arteries,
veins and capillaries).
11. …………………………. is made up of skeletal, cardiac and
smooth muscles.
12. ………………………….. is made up of bones, cartilages,
ligaments.
IDENTIFY THE ORGAN OF HUMAN BODY
 FIND THE ODD WORD OUT
• Cell-tissue-organ-brain
• Bones-veins-cartilages-ligaments
• Heart-pharynx-larynx-trachea
• Pancreas-bladder-liver-gallbladder
• Bone marrow-brain-spinal cord-nerves
• Palm-leg-knee-foot
• Mouth-tooth-tongue-nose
• Face-eyebrow-eyelashes-eye
• Arteries-veins-capillaries-lungs
• Thyroid-pancreas-ovaries-dermis
 WHAT BODY PARTS ARE THEY?
• 1. The part at the end of your arm___________________
• 2. The part in the middle of your arm where it bends____________
• 3. One of the two parts in your head that you see with ___________
• 4. The front part of your head________________
• 5. One of the five parts at the end of each hands_____________
• 6. One of the long parts of the body that is used for walking or standing_________
• 7. One of the hard white things in your mouth that you use for eating_____________
• 8. The front part of your body below your chest and above your legs_____________
• 9. One of the two parts of a person that are used for hearing_____________
• 10. The organ lets you smell and it's a big part of why you are able to taste things_________ 
 READ SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS AND
SETTLE THE DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES

• Burning ache or pain (indigestion) • Itchy, red spots on the skin

in your upper abdomen that may • Rash
become either worse or better with
eating • Nasal congestion or sneezing
• Nausea • Scratchy throat
• Vomiting
• Watery or itchy eyes
•A feeling of fullness in your upper
abdomen after eating
 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT N.2
• Choose one of the major systems of the body, draw a simple diagram of it and
explain how it functions to the rest of the class.
• Plan:
1. Title: „The human body is the best picture of the human soul” Interesting
facts about:......
2. Definition
3. Structure
4. Functions
5. Interesting facts about....... + name 5 diseases.
H AV E A N I C E D AY ! ! !