Chapter 12

Global Warming, Disaster Risk

Management and Management
Awareness
Global Warming
- ”is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s
atmosphere” (Markham, 2009).
- Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet's overall
temperature.
- The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average
global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global
warming.
-Global warming has presented another issue called climate
change.
 Climate Change
- Is the build-up of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere, significantly changing
the normal or expected weather
patterns and conditions in specific
regions of the earth.
 Greenhouse Gases
- Major natural greenhouse gases are
water vapor, carbon dioxide,
methane and ozone.
- Earth's greenhouse gases trap heat
in the atmosphere and warm the
planet.
- CO2 (carbon dioxide) makes the
Earth’s surface warmer
Human Activities
Increase the
Greenhouse Effect
Human Activities that increases
greenhouse effects:
 01
Burning of Fossil
Fuels and
Deforestation
This leads to higher
concentrations of carbon
dioxide.
 02
Livestock and
Paddy Rice
Farming
This leads to higher
methane atmospheric
concentration
 03
Use of
Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
CFCs trap heat in the lower
atmosphere, causing the
earth to warm and climate
and weather to change.
 04
Agricultural
Activities
This leads to higher
nitrous oxide
concentration
 Effects of Global Warming
Some anticipated effects of global warming are:

● Rising of sea levels.

● Reductions in the ozone layer.
● Increased intensity and frequency of typhoons and
extreme weather events.
● Lowering of ocean pH.
● Spread of diseases.
● Mass extinction of animals and plants.
 Solutions to Global Warming
● Purchase energy-efficient cars.
● Buy appliances with the energy star label.
● Replace incandescent light bulbs with compact
fluorescents or LED lamps.
● Employ house weatherization. House landscaping
includes planting trees provides cool shade.
● Talk to the community leaders and association boards
about planting more trees, building more walkways and
bike paths, and providing better public transportation.
Disaster

Disaster

Disaster is characterized by
several elements namely,
hazards, risks, people or
community, and vulnerability.

Disaster Equation
H x R + V = Disaster
 Risk Management
The comprehensive risk management process has the potential to
break the cycle of damage and reconstruction when a community is
subjected to repeated natural hazards.

The following are risk management measures:

● Control and protection works
● Land-use planning and management measures
● Reconstruction planning after a disaster with the aim of reducing
the vulnerability
● Mainstreaming risk management in development practice and
institutionalization
● Early warning
● Engineering Measures
● Preparedness warning
 Disaster Management
- Disaster Management is important in dealing with man-made
and natural disasters.
- It involves strategically organizing resources to lessen the harm
that disasters cause. It also involves a systematic approach to
managing the responsibilities of disaster prevention,
preparedness, response, and recovery.
- Man-made disasters can be prevented if the community is more
careful and properly oriented.
 5 Reasons for this
situation:
1. Rapid Population Growth
2. Concentration of population in
high risk areas like floodplains,
landslide-prone slopes, and
seismic zones
3. Destruction of marshes by real
estate developers
4. Man-made destruction, e.g.,
deforestation which has lessened
the ecosystems’ resilience to
disaster
According to the United Nations Disaster Relief Office
(UNDRO), There is an increasing number of people 5. Increasing poverty leading to
who are affected by disasters all over the world. substandard housing
 Natural Hazards
- “Are elements of the physical environment that are
harmful to man and caused by extraneous forces”
(Solidum, 2012).
- It pertains to all atmospheric , hydrologic, geologic, and
wildfire phenomena that, because of their location,
severity, and frequency, have the potential to affect
humans, their structures, or their activities adversely.
 Hazard Management
Hazard management is the process of making plans consisting of
policies, projects and supportive actions designed to reduce loss of life
and destruction of property often conducted independently.

The natural hazard management process is divided into pre-event

measures, actions during and immediately following an event, and
post-disaster measures. In chronological order, they are as follows:
● Disaster Mitigation
● Natural Hazard assessment
● Natural Hazard Prediction
 Hazard Management
Disaster Natural Hazard
Mitigation Assessment
- Eliminate or reduce the - The process of studying the nature
impacts and risks of of hazards determining its essential
hazards through features (degree of severity,
proactive measures duration, extent, impact on the area)
taken before an and their relationship".
emergency or disaster Natural Hazard
occurs. Prediction
- Includes data - The prediction of a natural hazards’
collection and analysis next occurrence in terms of time,
place, and range of severity.
Emergency Preparedness

● Public Safety Information

○ Dissemination of information to the public.
● Hazard Awareness Planning
○ A system for monitoring known hazards, a
warning system, emergency and evacuation
plans, emergency routes,and the
formulation of educational programs for
public officials and professionals.
 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Measures drawn to minimize the loss and destruction of life
and property. These include the formulation and implementation
of programs and policies, legislations and regulatory measures,
to prevent or eliminate the occurrences of disaster based on risk
analysis.
Some activities in prevention and mitigation of disasters are the
following:
a. Principles of Disaster Preparedness
b. Vulnerability must be known
c. Mitigation measures must be in place
d. Preparedness system must be ready
Land-Use Planning (Risk Zoning)
The division of an area into
zones by categories of allowed and/or
prohibited land uses, such as
industrial zone, residential zone or
greenbelt zone. Zoning is also done
according to the perceived risk of
disasters on the basis of vulnerability.
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 Konkurrenten
Neptun
Der äußerste Planet unseres Sonnensystems

Jupiter
Jupiter ist der größte in unserem Sonnensystem

Merkur
Der Merkur ist der sonnennächste Planet
 Ein bild sagt
mehr als
tausend Worte
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22m 84% 49k

Merkur Venus Mars
Der Merkur ist der Die Venus ist ein Der Mars ist eigentlich
sonnennächste Planet Gesteinsplanet sehr kalt
 Investitionen
2,400
Der Mars ist eigentlich
sehr kalt

1,200
Der Merkur ist der
sonnennächste Planet

4,800
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