GHANA INSTITUTE OF FREIGHT

FORWARDERS
Proficiency Certificate in Freight Forwarding

Statistics and Business Mathematics

Gabriel Essilfie
 Gabriel Essilfie

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF DATA

• In statistics, data can be represented graphically
in many forms depending on the data and the
purpose for which it is intended.

• Lets consider;
• PIE CHART
• BAR CHART
• HISTOGRAM
 Gabriel Essilfie

PIE CHART
• A pie chart is used to represent a given
information or data pictorially, using the sector
of circles.
 Gabriel Essilfie

LET US LOOK AT HOW TO

REPRESENT AN INFORMATION
ON A PIE CHART

PLEASE PAY RAPT ATTENTION

 Gabriel Essilfie

HOW TO REPRESENT INFO.

ON A PIE CHART

1.Determine the total of the Category

Value

2. Calculate the Angle of each

Category
 Gabriel Essilfie

o
Angle of Category= x 360

3. Draw the Sectors on a Circle Diagram

using the angles by;
i. Drawing a circle using a pair of compasses
ii. Drawing a radius as a starting line.
iii. Using a protractor to draw the angle of each
sector

NB: make sure the protractor is on the Centre of

the circle. Measure angles carefully.
 Gabriel Essilfie

4. Label each sector carefully and size of angles also.

Example:
The following data gives the monthly budget of a Mr. Ernest Ahoto
of Ghana Immigration Service

Food - GH¢ 60.00

Clothing - GH¢ 10.00
House Rent - GH¢50.00
Fuel and Light - GH¢15.00
Miscellaneous - GH¢35.00
Savings - GH¢30.00

a. Represent the information on a pie chart

b. What Percentage of the monthly budget is house Rent
 Gabriel Essilfie

Monthly Budget of Mr. A.A Alpha

54

108

63
His Percentage of
Monthly Budget
for house rent is
25%
18

27

90

Food Clothing House Rent Fuel and Light Miscellaneous Savings

 Gabriel Essilfie
Exercise
The following table gives the production of timber in five districts
in Ghana in a certain year.

District Production
Bibiani 600
Nkawkaw 900
Wiaso 1800
Ahafo 1500
Agona 2400
1. Illustrate the data on a pie Chart
2. What percentage of the total production is from Nkawkaw
 Gabriel Essilfie

• EXERCISES

• PLEASE WORK INDEPENTELY

 Gabriel Essilfie
Exercise
The Table below shows the number of students who offer certain Courses in a school

Courses Number of students

Freight Forwarding 45
Logistics 39
Customs Procedures 28
Transportation 14
Stats and Business Maths 36
Business Communication 18

1. With the use of appropriate instrument Illustrate the data on a pie Chart
2. What percentage of students offer Stats and Business Maths?
 Gabriel Essilfie

Previous was Home Work

 Gabriel Essilfie

Interpretation of the Pie Charts

• In some cases, the pie charts of a certain data may be given
and you may be asked to use it to answer some questions.

• For Example

The Pie chart below shows the monthly expenditure of Mr.

Okwabi whose income is GH¢1, 800.00.
Use the information chart to answer the following questions.

1. What fraction of Mr. Okwabi’s income is spent on food.

2. How much does Mr. Okwabi spend on rent.
3. What is the value of the angle that represent savings.
 Gabriel Essilfie

Mr. Okwabi’s Monthly Expenditure

Clothing; 30

Drinks; 60

Rent,

Food; 120

Savings Rent Food Drinks Clothing

 Gabriel Essilfie
Exercise:

The pie chart below shows the number of bags of various farm produce from
Prince farms. The farm produces 2250 bags of maize. Use the information
to answer questions (1) and (2)

1. How many bags of beans were produced?

2. What is the total number of bags for all the four (4) farm produce

Prince Farms

Millet; 70

, 150
Beans; 32

Rice, 108

Maize Rice Beans Millet

 Gabriel Essilfie

Next is Home Work

 Gabriel Essilfie

Exercise

The Pie chart below shows the programs analysis of a television station. The station
Telecast 6 hours each day.
Use the information to answer the following questions.
i. What is the size of the angle marked Variety.
ii. How many hours in day does the station telecast documentary.

Sports; 60

Documentary, 75

News; 45

Drama, 60,

Variety,

Documentary Drama Variety News Sports

 Bar Charts Gabriel Essilfie

A common means of graphically representing a frequency

distribution is the Bar Chart.

For this type of chart, the frequencies are represented by

series of parallel bars of equal widths, one bar for
each category.

The height or length of a bar in a category is equal to the

frequency of that category.

Usually, bars are in the vertical position with equal spaces

between them.
 Gabriel Essilfie

Relationship Status of 130 Ladies in a Certain School

60

52
50

40
34

30

23

20 19

10

2
0
Married Complicated Single & Ready Single but not ready Divorced
 Gabriel Essilfie

Example:

The frequency table below is the mark distribution of a class of 35 students

in an unannounced test.

Marks 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 2 4 5 6 10

Marks 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 1 2 3 1 1

Use the distribution to draw a bar chart

 Exercise: Gabriel Essilfie

The table below gives the frequency distribution of the marks

obtained in a class test by a group of 64
Marks (Out of Ten) Frequency
2 9
3 14
4 13
5 10
6 5
7 8
8 2
9 3

a. Draw a bar chart for the distribution.

b. What is the percentage of a student who
i. Obtained 7 marks
ii. Obtained 3 marks
iii. Obtained more than 6 marks
iv. Obtained less than 4 marks
 Gabriel Essilfie

Chart Title
16

14
14
13

12

10
10
9
8
8

Frequency
6
5

4
3
2
2

0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Marks
 Gabriel Essilfie

• Next is Home Work

 Gabriel Essilfie

• The table below shows the distribution of marks

in a class test
• a. Draw a bar chart for the distribution
• b. If pass mark is 4, how many students failed
the test
• c. If the mark for distinction is 9, how many
students had distinction

Marks 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 0 3 2 1 4

Marks 6 7 8 9 10
Frequency 5 4 1 2 3
 Gabriel Essilfie

Chart Title
6

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10