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Prayer
Lord, we offer to you our class today.
We pray that through your Divine Guidance,
we would learn how to listen attentively to the
inputs of our instructor. May we appreciate
his/her effort in imparting his/her knowledge
to us.

Amen.
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Basic Set Theory:

Set Notations

Ms. Mara Danilyn Santos

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Defining title Elements
Sets and style

 A set is a collection of objects.

 A well-defined set has no ambiguity as to what objects are in the set or not.

For example:
• The collection of all red cars.
• The collection of positive numbers.
• The collection of people born before 1980.
• The collection of greatest baseball players.

All of these collections are sets. However, the collection of greatest baseball players is
not well-defined.

Normally we restrict our attention to just well-defined sets.

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Defining title Elements
Sets and style

 An element or member of a set is an object that belongs to the set.

 The symbol ∈ means “is an element of”

 The symbol ∈ means “is not an element of”

Generally capital letters are used to represent sets and lowercase letters
are used for other objects i.e. S = {2, 3, 5, 7}

Thus, a ∈ S means a is an element of S

Is 2 ∈ {0, 2, 4, 6}? YES

Is 2 ∈ {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}? NO

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Three Ways to Describe Sets
• The Descriptive Method – describing the elements by using words or in a sentence.
Ex: The set of odd counting numbers between 2 and 12.

• The Listing/Roster Method – listing down or enumerating the elements begin with a left brace
’{‘, list each element of the set only once and then end with a right brace ‘}’.
Ex: {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}

• The Set-builder Method – a combination of the descriptive and listing methods using a
“dummy variable” such as x.
Ex: {x | x is a counting number, x is odd, and x < 12}

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Ways to Describe Sets

Note:
• Use curly braces to designate sets.
• Use commas to separate set elements.
• The variable in the set–builder notation doesn’t have to be x.
• Use ellipses (. . . ) to indicate a continuation of a pattern established before the ellipses
i.e. {1, 2, 3, 4, . . . , 100}.
• The symbol | is read as “such that”.

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Activity
Check the expressions that describe a well-defined set.
1.
✓ The set of months in a year.
2. The best 3 songs of 2018.
3.
✓ The set of even integers from 0 to 20.

Determine whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE. R = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

1. 5 ∈ R - FALSE
2. 4 ∈ R - TRUE
3. 10 ∈ R - TRUE

Enumerate the three ways to describe sets.

1. Descriptive Method
2. Listing/Roster Method
3. Set-Builder Method
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““Every mistakes are proof

that you are trying.”

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Thank You!