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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the Development and
Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care.

2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn
After going through this module, you are expected to illustrate
well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null sets, cardinality of sets,
union and intersection of sets with the difference of two sets.

Let’s Try
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. In the set {bicycle, car, bus, jeepney}, which of the following does NOT belong of the
group?
A. bicycle B. jeepney C. bus D. car
2. It is a well-defined collection of objects.
A. class B. elements C. group D. set
3. What do you call a set with no elements?
A. empty set B. infinite set C. subset D. universal set
4. It is a way of writing a set by listing each element inside the symbol { }.
A. Roster Notation C. Verbal Description Method
B. Rule Method D. Set Builder Notation
5. It is the method of describing a set in words.
A. Roster Notation C. Set Builder Notation
B. Listing Method D. Verbal Description Method
6. Which of the following is an example of a singleton set?
A. A set of prime numbers less than five.
B. A set of student council president in your school.
C. A set of vowels in the word “MATHEMATICS”.
D. A set of Sipnayan Club officers in your school.
7. Which of the following set is written in Roster Notation?
A. A = { j, a, c, k} C. A= {letters in the name jack}
B. A = {x|x is a letter in the name jack D. A= {the name that starts with j}
8. Complete the statement with the correct symbol: {1,2,4,6,7}__{2,7}
A. ⊆ B.⊇ C. ⊂ D. ∈
9. It is the set of all possible elements of any set used in the problem.
A. equal sets C. subset
B. equivalent sets D. universal set
10. Let M={prime numbers less than 12} and T ={odd numbers less than 10}.
Which of the following are true?
A. M and T are equal sets C. M and T are equivalent sets
B. M and T are joint sets D. M and T are disjoint sets
11. Which of the following is an infinite set?
A. A = {1,2,3,4,5} C. C = {1,2,...,5}}
B. B = {1,3,5,7,9} D. D = {1,2,3,…}
12. Find the subset of the set M = {2,4,6,8,10}.
A. {2,4,6} C. {6,7,8,9,10}
B. {1,2,3,4,5} D. {1,3,5,7,9}

For questions 13-15

U={j,u,d,g,m,e,n,t,a,l} N={j,u,d,g,e} I= {m,e,n,t,a,l}
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13. Find the N ∩ I.
A. { } B. { e } C. { m,e,n } D. { j,u,d,g,m,e,n,t,a,l }
14. Find the N’.
A. {j,u,d,g} C. {j,u,d,g,e}
B. {m,n,t,a,l} D. {m,e,n,t,a,l}
15. Find the N 𝖴 I.
A. {m,n,t,a,l} C. {m,e,n,t,a,l}
B. {j,u,d,g,e} D. {j,u,d,g,m,e,n,t,a,l}

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Put your

Use this link on your cellphone, laptop or desktop: score here
https://bit.ly/MATH7WEEK1LETSTRY
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score
after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as a proof to
your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the internet!

Lesson
Set Concepts
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In this lesson, you will gain a clear understanding of the sets, subsets,
universal sets, null sets, cardinality of sets, and the operation of sets such as union
and intersection of sets with the difference of two sets. These will enable you to
learn different strategies in solving problems involving sets.

Let’s Recall

Activity 1: Collect Me!

Directions: Using the letters, words, and symbols, group them according to the
following.
1. All vowels in the English Alphabet.

2. Colors of the rainbow.

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3. First five prime numbers.

4. Mathematical symbols.

5. Facebook emojis.

Let’s Explore

Activity 2 Tell Me!

1. In what messenger group/s do you belong?

2. Tell me about the messenger group/s where you belong to?

Let’s Elaborate

We often deal with groups or collection of objects such as a group of books,

cities, a collection of cards, etc. This group or collection refers to set. A set is a well- defined
collection of distinct objects. These objects are members of the set which are called elements.
For example, the set of fruits in your table, the set of drinks in your refrigerator,
the set of kitchen wares in your kitchen, and so many more.
A set is usually denoted by a capital letter. The braces, { }, are used to enclose the
listed elements i n a set and separate these elements by commas. Membership in a set
is indicated by the symbol ∈ and non- membership by the symbol ∉.
For example, given set B = {1,3,5,7,9}, we can say that “3 is an element of B” or
“3 is a member of B “ (in symbol, 3 ∈ B). However, 6 is not a member of set B (in symbol,
6 ∉ B).
A set with no element is an empty set or null set. The symbol for an empty set is
∅ or { }.
Example 1
Which of the following sets are well-defined?
a. The set of the names of your family member.
b. The set of friendly persons i n your neighborhood.
Answer:
a. The set is well-defined since the names of your family can be
listed exactly.
b. The set is not well-defined because people have their own list of
friendly neighborhoods, it may be different from yours. Also, people
have their own description of a friendly neighborhood.

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Finite and Infinite Sets
A finite set has a countable number of elements while infinite set has an infinite
number of elements. Sometimes, we use ellipsis ( . . . ) to indicate that there are elements
in the set not written down.
Note:
An ellipsis that is found i n b e t w e e n elements of the set is
considered finite set while ellipsis found at the end of the elements of
the set is considered infinite set.
Example 2
a. A= {1,2,3,4,5,...}
b. B= {1,2,3,4,. . . ,10}
Answer:
a. The set is considered an infinite set since the counting numbers start from 1
and continuous using ellipsis.
b. The set is considered a finite set since we use ellipsis inside the
numbers from 1 to 10.

Ways of Describing Sets

1. Roster Notation or Listing Method
It is a method of describing a set by listing each element
inside the braces symbol { }. The elements of sets A, B and C are
listed below.
A = {e, q, u, a, l} B = {2, 4, 6, ….} C = {car, bus}
2. Verbal Description Method
It is method of describing a set in words. We can describe the
sets given in number 1 as follows:
• Set A is the set of letters in the word “equal”.
• Set B is the set of positive numbers that are multiples of 2.
• Set C is the set of land transportations.
3. Set Builder Notation
It is a method that lists the rules whether an object is an element
of the set rather than the actual elements. We can describe the sets in
number 1 in set builder notation as follows:
A = {x | x is a letter in the word “equal”}
B = {x | x is a positive multiple of 2}
C = {x | x is a land transportation}
The cardinality of a set C, denoted by n(C), is the number of elements in the set.
Example 3
Find the cardinality of the following sets:
a. Y= {a, b, c, d}
b. Z= {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}
Answer:
a. The cardinality of set Y is 4 or n(Y)=4.
b. The cardinality of set Z is 10 or n(Z)=10

To watch a video tutorial of Introduction of Sets, visit this link:

https://youtu.be/kAfjLFaaNlw

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Equal and Equivalent Sets
The equal sets are two sets containing exactly the same elements
while equivalent sets are two sets that contain exactly same number of
elements.
Example 4
Tell whether the given pairs of sets are equal or equivalent sets.
a. A = {l,o,v,e} and B = { c,a,r,e}
b. C = { 2,4,6,8,10} and D = { 10,8,6,4,2 }
Answer:
a. The given two sets are example of equivalent sets since they have
the same number of elements.
b. The given two sets are example of equal sets since they have both
exactly same elements.

The universal set, denoted by U, is the set of all possible elements of any set
used in the problem. The universal set U = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15,17, 19 } contains prime
numbers from 1 to 20.

The set A is considered a subset of B if and only if every element in A is also an

element of B, written as A ⊆ B. While proper subset written as N ⊂ M, if there is at
least one element in N not contained in M.
Example 5
What is the relationship between these sets?
A={1,2,3,4,5} B={1,2,3} C={5,4,3,2,1}
Answer:
B ⊆ A since all the element of B is found in A.
C ⊆ A since all the element of C is found in A.
A ⊂ B since there is one element of A that is not found in B.

To watch a video tutorial of Universal Sets, visit this link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XJZOPAfdrM

OPERATIONS ON SETS
The intersection of sets A and B, written as A ∩ B, is a set of elements
that are members of both A and B.

Example 6
Given: A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} B = {2, 4, 6}
Find A ∩ B.
Answer:
The elements in A that are also in B are 2, 4, and 6. Hence, A ∩ B = {2, 4, 6}

The union of sets A and B, written as A 𝖴 B, is the set of elements that are
members of A, or members of B, or members of both A and B.

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 Example 7
Given: A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} B = {2, 4, 6}
Find A 𝖴 B.
Answer:
A 𝖴 B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Note: When we list the elements in the union of two sets, we list all the elements in set
A and all the elements in set B. If an element is in both sets, we list it only once.

The difference of sets A and B, written as A- B, is set of elements in A

that are not in B.
Example 8
Given: A = {r, o, y, g, b, i, v} and B = {r, y, b}
Find: a. A - B b. B - A
Answer:
a. Taking A and subtracting B means elements in A that are not in B. Thus, A-
B = {o, g, i, v}.
b. B - A means elements in B that are not in A. Thus, B - A = { }.

The complement of a set A, written as A’, is the set of all the elements in the
universal set (U) that are not in set A.
Example 9
Given: U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A = { 1, 3, 5}
Find A’
Answer:
The complement of A is the set of elements in U but not in A. These elements are 2
and 4. Thus, A’ = {2, 4}.

To watch a video tutorial of Introduction of Sets,

visit this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fGZr04IDFos&t=38s

Let’s Dig In
Activity 3: Answer Me!
A. Tell whether the following statements are well-defined or not.
1. A collection of all large numbers.
2. A collection of all multiples of 5.
3. A collection of front liners in Taguig City and Pateros.
4. A collection of honest students in your class.
5. A collection of all factors of 18.
B. Identify the following. Write if each pair of sets is equal or
equivalent sets.
6. A = { t, e, n} B = { n, e , t}
7. C = {m, a, t, h} D = {g, e, o, m}
8. E = { 1, 2, 3, 4} F = { 5, 10, 15, 20 }
9. N = {r, e, a, d} E = { d, e, a, r}
10. X = { b, l, u} Y = {1, 4, 3}
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C. Fill in each blank with ∈ or ∉.
Set A = {even numbers between 0 and 10}
Set B = {letters of the alphabet between c and j}
11. 2 A
12. 5 A
13. 12 A
14. b B
15. e B

D. Operation on Sets
Let U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
A={2,4,6,8,10} B={1,2,3,4,5} C={1,3,5,7 ,9 }
Find:
1. (A ∩ B)’
2. A 𝖴 B
3. A ∩ (B 𝖴 𝐶)
4. B-C
5. C’

Let’s Remember

Let us summarize what we have learned in this module.

• A set is a well- defined collection of distinct objects.
• A set with no element is an empty set or null set.
• A finite set has a countable number of elements while infinite set has an infinite
number of elements.
• Cardinality is the number of elements in the set.
• Equal sets are two sets containing exactly the same elements
• Equivalent sets are two sets that contain exactly same number of elements.
• Universal set is the set of all possible elements of any set used in the problem.
• Intersection of sets A and B (A ∩ B), is a set of elements that are members of both A
and B.
• The union of sets A and B (A 𝖴 B), is the set of elements that are members of both A
and B.
• The difference of sets A and B (A- B), is set of elements in A that are not in B.
• The complement of a set A (A’), is the set of all the elements in the universal set (U)
that are not in set A.

Let’s Apply

Activity 4 Know Me!

I. List the names of your classmates if they are a member of the following sets.
a. Set of students who are born in December.
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 b. Set of students who love milk tea.
c. Set of students who like to play mobile legend.

II. List the members of the following sets that can be found in your home.
a. Set of baking utensils.
b. Set of hygiene kit.
c. Set of chores you do at home.

Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is well-defined collection of distinct objects.

A. class B. elements C. group D. set
2. Two sets that contains exactly the same elements.
A. cardinal number C. equivalent sets
B. equal sets D. subsets
3. Two sets that contains exactly the same number of elements.
A. cardinal number C. equivalent sets
B. equal sets D. subsets
4. It refers to the number of elements in a given set.
A. cardinality C. subsets
B. equivalent sets D. universal set
5. It is the set of all the elements in the universal set that are not in the given set.
A. Complement C. Intersection
B. Difference D. Union
6. The set M = {positive multiples of 10} is an example of .
A. Roster Notation C. Set Builder Notation
B. Listing Method D. Verbal Description Method
7. The set C = { x | x is a vowel letters in English alphabets } is an example of
.
A. Roster Notation C. Set Builder Notation
B. Listing Method D. Verbal Description Method
8. Which of the following is an infinite set?
A. A= {2, 4, 6, 8} C. C= {5, 10, 15,…,50}
B. B= {3, 6, 9, 12} D. D= {10, 20, 30,...}
9. Which of the following is a true statement about sets?
A. Equal set is also an equivalent set.
B. An empty set has no element and denoted by θ.
C. Set of natural numbers is an example of a finite set.
D A set is a proper subset of itself
10. Find the proper subset of the set M={j, u, d, g, m, e, n, t,a,l}.
A. {j, u, d, g, e} C. {h, u, m, a, n}
B. {j, e, n, y} D. {j,u,d,g,e,s}
11. The union of sets N and M can be written as______.
A. N ⊆ M C. N 𝖴 M
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 B. N ∩ M D. N ⊂ M
12. The intersection of sets N and M can be written as ______.
A. N ⊆ M B. N ∩ M C. N 𝖴 M D. N ⊂ M

For questions 13-15

U={b, i, n, o, c, u, l, a, r, s} X={b, i, n, o} Y={c, u, r, e}

13. Find the X ∩ Y.

A. { } B.{ b, i, n, o } C. {c, u, r, e} D. {b,i,n,o,c,u,l,a,r,s}
14. Find the X’.
A. { b,i,n,o } C. { c,u,l,a,r,s }
B. { c,u,r,e } D. {b,n,c,l,r,s}
15. Find the X 𝖴 Y.
A. { } C. { b,i,n,o}
B. { c,u,r,e } D. {b,i,n,o,c,u,r,e}

Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Put your

Use this link on your cellphone, laptop or desktop: score here
https://bit.ly/MATH7WEEK1LETSEVALUATE
Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score
after completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as a proof to
your teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the internet!

Let’s Extend

Are you ready to apply what you’ve learned from this module? If no, review the lessons until
you are ready. If yes, answer the remaining activity online! You can use cellphone, laptop or
desktop. Make sure you are connected to the internet.
Instructions:
1. Go to https://bit.ly/MATH7WEEK7LETSEXTEND
2. Click the link.
3. Start answering the questions.
4. Once done, take a screenshot of your score and send it to your teacher.

References

DepEd Grade 7 Mathematics Teaching Guide

Nivera, Gladys C. (2014) “Grade 7:Patterns and Practicalities”, Don Bosco Press
Inc.,
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Oronce, Orlando A., and Marilyn O. Mendoza (2019) “E-Math 7 Worktext in
Mathematics”, Rex Book Store

http://www.projectmats.le/documents/quizzes/Sets1.htm

Nivera, Gladys C. (2012) “Grade 7:Patterns and Practicalities”, Don Bosco Press
Inc.

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: MS. CHANCHINE J. BAGONA
Editors:
Content Evaluators: DR. PASCUALITA O. DOROJA
MS. MARICEL P. MASALAYMS.
ANGELITA O. CUDAL
MS. GINA R. VILLAVERDE
MS. IMELDALYN P. BUENO
MS. JOSEL E. PAMINTUAN
Language Evaluator: MS. HANNA LOVELLE P. PADERNAL

Reviewers: MS. MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA, EPS-Mathematics

DR. PASCUALITA O. DOROJA

MS. ANGELITA O. CUDAL

MS. MARICEL P. MASALAY

Illustrators: MR. LEO U. PANTI

MS. CAMILLE JEWEL L. GARCIA

Layout Artist: MR. LEO U. PANTI

Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS

DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief

DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief

MS. MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA, EPS-Mathematics

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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