9

Mathematics
Quarter 1- Week 7 Module 7A
Transforms the Quadratic Function
Defined by 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 into the form
𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌 and vice versa

AIRs - LM
Mathematics 9
Quarter 1- Week 7 Module 7A: Transforms the Quadratic Function Defined
by y=〖ax〗^2+bx +c into the form y=〖a(x-h)〗^2+k and vice versa

First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Riza Sibayan

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of Mathematics
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Mathematics 9
Quarter 1- Week 7 Module 7A
Transforms the Quadratic Function
Defined by 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 into the
form 𝒚 = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌 and vice versa
 Target
A quadratic function are functions that can be described by equations
of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. The
highest power of the independent variable x is 2.

The general form of a quadratic function is y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. In this

module the standard form or vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 will be introduced. The
standard form/vertex form will be more convenient to use when working on
problems involving the vertex of the graph of a quadratic function.

After going through this module, you are expected to attain the
following objectives:

Learning Competency:
Transforms the quadratic function defined by y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the form
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 .M9AL-Ih-1

Subtasks:
• Recall the concepts of completing the square, perfect square trinomial, and
square of a binomial to solve quadratic equations.
• Determine the value of h and k
• Use different methods in transforming the quadratic function defined by y
= 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and vice-versa.

Jumpstart
Let us start this lesson by recalling the concepts of completing the
square, perfect square trinomial, and square of a binomial to solve quadratic
equations. The knowledge and mathematical skill mentioned will help you
transform quadratic functions written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into its vertex
form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and vice versa. This new skill of identifying and transforming
a quadratic function in its vertex form is essential because quadratic function
written in vertex form is more convenient to use when solving problems involving
their graphs and vertices.

Activity 1: Perfect Square Trinomial to Square of a Binomial

Express each of the following perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial.

25
1. 𝑙2 + 4𝑙 + 4 5. 𝑛2 − 14𝑛 + 49 9. 𝑛2 − 5𝑛 +
4
2 1
2. 𝑒 2 + 12𝑒 + 36 6. 𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 10. 𝑒 2 + 18𝑒 + 81
3 9
49
3. 𝑎2 + 𝑎ℎ + 25 7. 𝑠 2 − 7𝑠 +
4
3 9
4. 𝑟 2 − 16𝑟 + 64 8. 𝑜2 + 𝑜 +
4 64
Activity 2: Match Me!
Match the given square of a binomial to its equivalent perfect square trinomial. Write
the corresponding letter of your answer to find out the secret during pandemic.

49
1. (𝑥 − 4)2 a 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 +
4

2. (𝑥 + 10)2 b 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16

𝑥 1
3. (2𝑥 − 5)2 c 𝑥2 + +
2 16

4. (2𝑥 − 5)2 D 4𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 25

1 2
5. (𝑥 − ) e 𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 100
4

Activity 3 Completing the Square to Square of a Binomial

Perform completing the square to the following equations. Then simplify the perfect
square trinomial to obtain a square of a binomial.

1. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 5 = 0
2. 𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 + 4 = 0
3. 𝑧 2 − 2𝑧 = 3
4. 3𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 − 7 = 0
5. −2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 9 = 0

Activity 4: Fill My Box

Fill in the boxes by following the steps found on the right side.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 Group together the terms containing 𝑥.

= ⎕(𝑥 2 − ⎕𝑥) +1 Factor out 𝑎, the coefficient of 𝑥 2 . Here
a=3
= 3(𝑥 2 −
4
𝑥 + ⎕) +1 − 3( ⎕) Complete the expression in parenthesis
3 to make it a perfect square trinomial by
adding the constant.
4 2
2 2 4 4
3(
3
) = 3( ) = 3( ) = and subtracting
2 3 9 3
the same value from the constant term.
= 3(𝑥 −
2 4 4 4
𝑥 + ) +1 − 3 ( ) You should arrive with this expression.
3 9 9 Express the perfect square trinomial as
= 3(𝑥 − ⎕)2 −⎕ the square of the binomial and simplify.
2 2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 (x − ) −
3 3

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 10 Group together the terms containing 𝑥.

= (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) − 10 Factor out 𝑎, the coefficient of 𝑥 2 . Here
a=1
= (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + ⎕) − 10 − ⎕ Complete the expression in parenthesis
to make it a perfect square trinomial.
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − ⎕ Express the perfect square trinomial as
the square of the binomial and simplify.
 Discover

What you did in Activity 4 was that you have transformed a quadratic
function written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘
applying the concepts of Activities 1, 2 and 3. It is important to note that the form
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is called the standard form by some references; others recognized
it as the general form and that their standard form is the vertex form which is
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.

Let us study the following examples in transforming a quadratic function written in

the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.

Example 1:

Express 𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 10 in the vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and give the values of
ℎ and 𝑘.

Solution:

𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 10
𝑦 = 5(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) + 10
𝑦 = 5(𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) + 10 − 5(4)
𝑦 = 5(𝑥 − 2)2 + 10 − 20
𝑦 = 5(𝑥 − 2)2 − 10

Hence, 𝑦 = 5𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 10 can be expressed as

𝑦 = 5(𝑥 − 2)2 − 10. The values of ℎ and 𝑘 are +2 and -10, respectively. Take note that
h in this case is NOT −2 because the vertex form is always 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and NOT
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 𝑘.

Example 2:

Transform 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32 into its vertex form and give the values of ℎ and 𝑘.

Solution:

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 12𝑥) + 32
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36) + 32 − 36
𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)2 − 4

Hence, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32 can be expressed as 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)2 − 4. The values of ℎ

and 𝑘 are −6 and −4, respectively.
 There is another way though to rewrite a quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
into its vertex form. Let us transform it.

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
= (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥) + 𝑐 Group together the terms containing 𝑥.
𝑏 Factor out 𝑎. Here, a=1.
= 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) + 𝑐
𝑎
𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏2 Complete the enclosed expression to
= 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 ) + 𝑐 −
𝑎 4𝑎2 4𝑎 make it into a perfect square trinomial
𝑏 2
by adding a constant 𝑎 ( ) . Subtract
2𝑎
the same value from the constant term
outside the parentheses to maintain
equality.
2 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
= a(𝑥 +
𝑏
) + Simplify and express the perfect square
2𝑎 4𝑎
trinomial as the square of binomial.

𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 −𝒃 𝟒𝒂𝒄−𝒃𝟐
The vertex form is 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 + )2 + . Thus, 𝒉 = and 𝒌 = . With
2𝑎 4𝑎 𝟐𝒂 𝟒𝒂
this formula, we can convert a quadratic function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into
2

the vertex form without performing completing the square. Let us answer the first
example in the previous page using this solution.

Example 3:

Express 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 16 in the vertex form using the values of ℎ and 𝑘.

Solution:

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −12, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 16.

−𝑏 −(−12) 12
ℎ= = = =2 and
2𝑎 2(3) 6

4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 4(3)(16) − (−12)2 192 − (144) 48

𝑘= = = = =4
4𝑎 4(3) 12 12

The values of ℎ and 𝑘 are 2 and 4, respectively. Substituting them to the vertex
form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, we obtain 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 4, which is the same with our
answer in Example 1.

The value of 𝑘 is also equal to 𝑓(ℎ) or the function of ℎ. In other words, 𝑘 is

equal to 𝑦. Here is a quick hack to obtain the value of 𝑘 in the example above:

𝑘 = 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 16

Substituting the value of ℎ which is 2 to the variable 𝑥,

𝑘 = 𝑦 = 3(2)2 − 12(2) + 16
𝑘 = 3(4) − 24 + 16
𝑘 = 12 − 24 + 16
𝑘 = −12 + 16
𝑘 =4
 −𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
Now try answering Example 2 using ℎ = and 𝑘 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 𝑓(ℎ) and find
2𝑎 4𝑎
out if your answer is the same with when using completing the square.

Example 4: Lets transform the vertex form to general form.

Express 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)2 − 4 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.

Solution:

𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)2 − 4
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36) − 4 Expand the square of a binomial.
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32 Simpify.

Hence 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)2 − 4 can be written as 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32.

Example 5:

Rewrite 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 3)2 − 22 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.

Solution:

𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 3)2 − 22

𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9) − 22
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 18 − 22
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 4

Hence 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 3)2 − 22 can be written as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 4.

Explore
Work on the following enrichment activities for you to apply your
understanding on this lesson.

Activity 5 FIND MY PAIR

Match the given quadratic function y=a𝑥 2 + bx + c to its equivalent standard

form/vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.

13
y =x2 – x + y = (x – 2)2 – 3
4

1
y = 2 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 3 y = 2(x – 1)2 + 2

y = -2x2 + 12x - y = -2(x – 3)2 +

17 1
1
y = x2 – 4x + 1 y = (x – 2)2 + 3

y = 2x2 – 4x + 4 1 3
y =2 (x – 3)2 – 2
Did you transform the quadratic function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘?
What mathematical concepts did you use in doing the transformation?

Now let us transform the vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 into general form
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.
Activity 6 Reversing the Process
Rewrite the quadratic functions written in vertex form into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +
𝑐 by following the steps.

Steps Quadratic Function 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 3)2 + 4

1. Expand (𝑥 − 3)2
2. Multiply the perfect square
trinomial by 2
3. Add 4
4. Simplify
5. Result

Steps Quadratic Function 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 2)2 + 5

1. Expand (𝑥 − 2)2
2. Multiply the perfect square
trinomial by 3
3. Add 5
4. Simplify
5. Result

Steps 5 2
Quadratic Function 𝑦 = (𝑥 − ) + 11
2

5 2
1. Expand (𝑥 − )
2

2. Add 11
3. Simplify
4. Result

Did you transform the quadratic function in the form y=a𝑥 2 + bx + c?

What mathematical concepts did you use in doing the transformation?
 If you have transformed the quadratic function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘
and vice versa then you have already understand the concepts of transforming
quadratic function into different forms.

Answer the next activity to deepen your understanding in the concepts of

transforming quadratic function in different forms.

Deepen

Activity 7: The Hidden Message

Write the indicated letter of quadratic function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 into the
box that corresponds to its equivalent general form y=a𝑥 2 + bx + c.

I y=(x – 1)2 – 4 T y=(x – 1)2 – 16

5 49
S y= 2(x – )2 – F y=(x – 3)2 + 5
4 8

2 1 3
E y= (x – )2 + 2 M y=(x – )2 +
3 2 2

1
A y=3(x + 2)2 – U y= -2(x – 3)2 + 1
2

N y=(x – 0)2 – 36 H y= 2(x + 1)2 – 2

DIALOG BOX
7
y = x2 – x +
4

23
y = 3x2 + 12x +
7

y = x2 – 2x – 15

y = 2x2 + 4x

y = x2 – 2x – 3

y = 2x2 + 5x – 3

y = x2 – 6x + 14

y = -2x2 +12x – 17

y = x2 – 3
 Gauge

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is NOT a quadratic function?

a. 4 = 𝑦 2 c. 𝑥 − 2 = 0
b. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) d. −5𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2

2. A quadratic function 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 1 is equivalent to which of the following?

a. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4 c. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3
b. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4
2 d. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3

𝑥2 4𝑥 8
3. The vertex form of 𝑦 = − + + is which of the following?
3 3 3
1
a. 𝑦 = −3(𝑥 − 2)2 − 4 c. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 4
3
−1
b. 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 + 2) + 4
2
d. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 +4
3

4. What is the value of (ℎ, 𝑘) for number 3?

a. (−2, 4) c. (2, 4)
b. (2, −4) d. (−2, −4)

5. What is (ℎ, 𝑘) of the quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4?

3 41 3 41
a. (− , − ) c. ( , − )
4 8 4 8
3 41 3 41
b. (− , ) d. ( , )
4 8 4 8

6. The vertex form 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 2 is transformed to which of the following

function?
a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 5 c. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2
b. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5 d. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2

7. In the equation 𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 80 = 0, what constant do you add to the

trinomial in order to become a perfect square?
a. −9 c. (9)2
b. 9 d. −81

8. What is (ℎ, 𝑘) for quadratic function 𝑦 = −6(𝑥 + 2)2 − 6?

a. ( 2, 6) c. (2, −6)
b. (−2, −6) d. (−2, 6)

9. The quadratic function in the previous item can be transformed into

which of the following form?
a. 𝑦 = 6𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 30 c. 𝑦 = −6𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 30
b. 𝑦 = −6𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 30 d. 𝑦 = −6𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 − 30
 −1
10. What is 𝑘 of the quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2 if ℎ = ?
2
1 5 9 13
a. b. c. d.
4 4 4 4

11. What constant do you add to complete the expression 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 16?

a. 3 c. 9
b. -3 d. -9

12. In the quadratic function of 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 − 3)2 + 5 , what are the values of (ℎ, 𝑘)?
a. (2, −3) c. (−3, 5)
b. (2, 3) d. (3, 5)
13. The quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 is expressed in vertex form as
a. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 2 c. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 1
b. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) + 1
2 d. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 + 2

14. What is 𝑦 = −3(𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 when written in the form 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1?

a. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 1 c. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 1
b. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 1
2 d. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 1

15. The expression 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 9 can be expressed as which of the following?

a. (2𝑥 + 3)2 c. (4𝑥 + 9)2
b. (2𝑥 − 3) 2 d. (4𝑥 − 9)2
References

Books:

Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module, First Edition 2014, Reprint 2017

Links:

https://mathbitsnotebook.com/Algebra1/Quadratics/QDVertexForm.html
http://www.themathpage.com/Alg/perfect-square-trinomial.htm
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/specfact3.htm
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-collegealgebra/chapter/solve-
problems-involving-a-quadratic-functions-minimum-or-maximum-value/
https://bit.ly/RO-X-Self-Learning-Modules
 Answer Key
Activity 1 Perfect Square Trinomial to Square of a Binomial
7 2
1. (𝑙 + 2)2 4. (𝑟 − 8)2 7. (𝑠 − ) 10. (𝑒 + 9)2
2
3 2
2. (𝑒 + 6)2 5. (𝑛 − 7)2 8. (𝑜 + )
8
1 2 5 2
3. (𝑎 + 5)2 6. (𝑎 + ) 9. (𝑛 − )
3 2
Activity 2 Match Me!
1-5 BEDCA
Activity 3
1. (𝑥 − 4)2 − 11 = 0
2. (𝑦 − 6)2 − 32 = 0
3. (𝑧 − 1)2 − 4 = 0
4. 3(𝑦 − 2)2 − 19 = 0
5. −2(𝑥 + 3)2 − 9 = 0
Activity 4. Fill My Box
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 10
4 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥) − 10
= 3(𝑥 2 − 𝑥) +1
3
4 4 4 = (𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4) − 10 − 4
= 3(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + ) +1 − 3 ( )
3 9 9
𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 − 14
4 4 4
= 3(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + ) +1 − 3 ( )
3 9 9
2 2 1
= 3 (𝑥 − ) −
3 3
2 2 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 (x − ) −
3 3
Activity 6 Reversing the Process
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 22 3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 69
4
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 17
Deepen
Activity 7 MATH IS FUN
Gauge
1. c 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. D
11.d 12.c 13 a 14.c 15. a