CURRENT ELECTRICITY

PRESENTED BY :
( CLASS – XII B )
Rajesh Kumar Biswal (Roll no - 35)
Utkalika Rout (Roll no - 55)
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CURRENT ELECTRICITY
 To operate electrical devices, you need a steady flow of
electrons. Unlike static electricity, a flow of electrons
moves continuously as long as two conditions are met.

1. The flow of electrons requires an energy source.

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2. The electrons will not flow unless they have a
complete path to flow through.
 This path is called an electrical circuit.

 Thecontinuous flow of electrons in a circuit is called

current electricity.

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HOW ELECTRONS TRANSFER ENERGY
IN A CIRCUIT
 Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the
positive terminal

 Think of electron in a wire like water in a hose.

 Ifthe hose already has water in it, once you turn the
tap on water comes out the other end.

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 Electrons in a wire work in a similar way.
 When an energy source is connected to a circuit,
electrons in the conductor “push” or repel other
electrons nearby.
 As soon as one electron starts to move at one end of
the wire, it pushes the next one, which pushes the next
one and so on.
 By pushing the first electron, you make the last
electron move

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FORMS OF CURRENT ELECTRICITY
 There are two ways that we can produce current
electricity.

Direct Current (DC)

 Electrons flow from the negative terminal to
the positive terminal.
 Example- Battery.

 Draw this diagram in the blank

Square provided 6
 FORMS OF CURRENT ELECTRICITY :
 Alternating Current (AC)
 Electrons move back and forth, alternating their direction
many times every second.
 AC is used in more applications than DC as it is more efficient
when traveling long distances.
 AC is used in all homes and work places.

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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
A circuit includes:

1. Energy source – battery or generator

2. Conductor – allows the current to move through the
circuit

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 Load - a device that converts electrical energy to another form
of energy.
 Example: Light bulb, motor, heater, etc. The figure below
shows a light bulb as the load. It converts electrical energy to
light and heat

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 Switch (optional) - a device that turns the circuit on or off by
closing or opening the circuit.
 When the switch is closed, the circuit is complete and electrons
can flow.

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 An open switch means there is a break in the path, so the
electrons cannot flow through the circuit.

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 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND
SYMBOLS
 There are set rules when drawing circuit
diagrams, doing this makes them universal for
anyone looking at them.
 It also allows only a few basic symbols to
represent many different types of switches,
loads and energy sources.
 The drawings that follow these rules are called
Schematic Circuit Diagrams.

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ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND
SYMBOLS
 All lines are drawn straight with right angled corners for
turns.
 All other parts of the circuit follow the symbols shown
on the following slides.

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CONDUCTOR OR WIRE
 Passes current easily from one part of a circuit to
another.

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CELL-SUPPLIES ELECTRICAL ENERGY
 The positive end is bigger than the negative end.

+
-

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BATTERY –SUPPLIES ELECTRICAL
ENERGY

 The battery contains 2 cells in this diagram

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DC SOURCE- ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOURCE
 DC = Direct current, always flows one way

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AC SOURCE - ELECTRICAL ENERGY SOURCE
 AC = Alternating current, continually changing direction

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GROUND
 A connection to earth

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SWITCH
 An on-off switch allows current to flow only when it is
in the closed (on) position

 Open

 Closed

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LAMP-
 A transducer which converts electrical energy to light

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RESISTOR-
 A resistor restricts the flow of current

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FUSE
 A device that can interrupt the flow of electrical current
when it is overloaded

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WIRES JOINED
 – A location where wires are joined.

 Or

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AMMETER –
 A device used to measure current.

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VOLTMETER
 A device used to measure voltage.

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MOTOR
 A device used to change electrical energy into
mechanical energy.

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