Valve timing diagram

Valve Timing diagram - General

 Marking of Piston position on the circumference of the Fly wheel

At BDC
At TDC
 Marking of Valve positions on the circumference of the Fly wheel
Inlet & Exhaust valves start to Open (considered to be the valve opening)
Inlet & Exhaust valves completely closed (considered to be valve closing)

Reciprocating motion of the Piston & Valves are observed in terms of rotary
motion of the Crank Shaft in °CA
 Valve Timing diagram - General
Valve over lap angle

BTDC – Before Top Dead Center

ATDC - After Top Dead Center
BBDC - Before Bottom Dead Center
ABDC - After Bottom Dead Center
 BTDC, ATDC, BBDC, ABDC – How to under stand?

Before & After the Dead center is with respect to the Piston Top
surface whether it is reaching nearer to a particular dead center
(or) just passing by a dead center as the crank shaft rotates clock
wise direction.
Valve Timing of 4 Stroke SI Engine
Valve over lap angle

Ignition point
Valve Timing diagram (Vs) Actual Otto cycle

TDC BDC
 Valve timing diagram of 4 stroke CI engine

TDC
Injection starts
Exhaust valve closes

Duration of Injection

Injection stops

Inlet
valve
opens

Exhaust valve opens

Inlet valve closes

BDC
 Valve timing diagram (Vs) Diesel cycle

TDC
Injection starts
Exhaust valve closes

Duration of Injection

Injection stops

Inlet
valve
opens

TDC BDC

Exhaust valve opens

Inlet valve closes

BDC
• Why the Inlet valve opens BTDC?

• Why the Inlet valve closes ABDC?

• Why the Exhaust valve opens BBDC?

• Why the Exhaust valve closes ATDC?

• Significance of Valve overlap

• Why Ignition occurs BTDC?

Duration of the Exhaust valve opening
 (° CA ) :
Calculate the duration of Inlet & Exhaust valve opening in Degree Crank Angle

IVO = 45 ° BTDC

IVC = 13° ATDC

EVO = 46° BBDC

EVC = 28 ° ATDC
NOTE:

 In general, the valve timing is a fixed parameter in an engine.

 However, there are some engine where the valve timing gets
varied continuously with respect to the variation in the speed
of the engine (Variable valve timing)
 Retardation - IVO
Actual timing -IVO

TDC
Actual timing -IVO
TDC

Advancement

Variable valve Timing

BDC
BDC
 Actual timing -IVO

TDC

Advancement

Retardation Variable valve Timing

- Duration of Inlet Valve opening gets
varied
BDC

Actual timing -IVC

 Actual timing -IVO

TDC Actual timing -EVC

Retardation - EVC

Advancement

Variable valve Timing

- Valve Over Lab Angle gets altered

BDC
Marking of TDC
Contd… Marking of TDC