BASIC

SBI CALCULUS

THE CONCEPT OF

CONTINUITY

Created by: Ms. Bernadeth S. Aguado, LPT SY 2021-2022

Objectives Determine the different conditions if a
1 function is continuous at a given value.
At the end of
the lesson, you
Test if the given function is continuous
should be able 2 at a given value; and
to:
Manifest the value of analytical and
3 critical thinking.
SBI
 Learn About it!

CONTINUITY A function f is continuous at a point if and only if .

The definition above implies that three conditions must be satisfied for a function
f to be continuous at c. These are the following:
𝑎 . lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 ;
𝑥→𝑐

𝑏 . 𝑓 ( 𝑐 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠;𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑐 . lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥)= 𝑓 ( 𝑐)
𝑥→𝑐

 If the function f is not able to satisfy, it is called as discontinuous.

 EXAMPLES
1. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎 . lim (2 𝑥 2+ 𝑥 − 1) ¿[ 2 ( 1 ) 2+1 − 1]
𝑥→ 1
¿𝟐
𝑏 . 𝑓 ( 1 ) =2 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 1 ¿[ 2 ( 1 )2+1 − 1]
¿𝟐
𝑐 . lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥)= 𝑓 ( 1 )
𝑥→1
 EXAMPLES
2. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎 . lim
𝑥→2 (2
𝑥 −1 2
2
)
4 −3 𝑥 ¿ 4 − 3(2)
− 1
¿ −𝟎 . 𝟔𝟕

𝑏 . 𝑔 ( 2 )=
( 2
𝑥 −1 )
4 −3 𝑥 ¿ 4 − 3(2)
2 2
−1
¿ −𝟎 . 𝟔𝟕

𝑐 . lim 𝑔 (𝑥 )=𝑔 ( 2 )
𝑥→2
 EXAMPLES
3. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎 . lim(
𝑥→ 1 𝑥 − )
𝑥2 +3 𝑥+1
1
¿
12 +3 (1)+1
1 −1
¿ 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
 EXAMPLES
4. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎. lim √
𝑥→ 1
( 𝑥 −1 )
𝑥 −1 √ 𝑥 − 1 ∙ √ 𝑥+1
𝑥 − 1 √ 𝑥+1
𝑥 −1
( 𝑥 −1)( √ 𝑥 +1)
1 1
¿ ¿ 𝟎 .𝟓
√ 𝑥+ 1 1+1
 EXAMPLES
4. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑏 . 𝑓 (1)=
√
(
𝑥 −1 ¿ √ 1 −1
𝑥 −1 1 −1 )
¿ 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅
𝑐 . lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥)≠ 𝑓 ( 1 )
𝑥→1
 EXAMPLES
5. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎.
𝑥→4
lim
+¿ 2
( 𝑥 −4 ) +3 ¿
¿
( 4 − 4 )2 +3 0+3 𝟑
lim (𝑥 +1)
𝑥→4
− (4 +1) 𝟓 lim 𝑓 ( 𝑥)
𝑥→4
DNE
(does not exist)

𝑏 . 𝑓 ( 4 ) =( 𝑥 − 4 ) + 3
2
( 4 − 4 )2 +3 0+3 𝟑
 EXAMPLES
6. Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎.
𝑥→2
lim
+¿
√ 𝑥 −2 ¿
¿
√ 2 −2 𝟎 lim 𝑡 ( 𝑥) DNE
𝑥→2 (does not exist)
𝑥→2
lim 𝑥 3 − 1
− (23 −1) 𝟕

𝑏 . 𝑡 ( 2 )= √ 𝑥 − 2 √ 2 −2 𝟎
 Check your Understanding

Determine if is continuous or not at .

𝑎. lim+¿
¿ 2(1)+1 𝟑
𝑥 → 1 2 𝑥+1 ¿

lim 4 − 𝑥 2
𝑥→1
− 4 −12 𝟑
𝑏 . 𝑔 ( 1 )=2 𝑥+1 2(1)+1 𝟑
𝑐 . lim 𝑔 (𝑥 )=𝑔 (1)
𝑥→1
 LIMITS OF
EXPONENTIAL AND
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTIONS
 Learn About it!

 Let such that . The exponential function with base b is defined by,

𝒙
𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=𝒃
 Let such that . The logarithmic function with base b is defined by,

𝒇 ( 𝒙 )=log 𝒃 𝒙
 EXAMPLES
Evaluate the limits of exponential functions.

()
0
1
()
𝑥
1
1. lim 2 2 𝟐
𝑥 →0 3 3

2. lim 𝑒 𝑥 − 4 𝑒4 − 4 𝑒0 1
𝑥→4

( ) ( )
1 5
𝑥 −𝑥 2 +21 −1 2+
2 +2 2 2
3. lim 𝟎.𝟖𝟑
𝑥 →1 3 3 3 3
 EXAMPLES
Evaluate the limits of logarithmic functions.
1. lim [ log 5 ( 𝑥+2) ]
𝑥 →3 [
log 5 lim ( 𝑥+2)
𝑥 →3 ] log 5 [ 3+2 ] log 5 5 𝟏

𝑥 →0 [
2. lim log 2 (5 − 𝑥)
3 ] [
log 2 lim (5 − 𝑥)
3 𝑥 →0
] log 2 [ 5 −0 ]
3
log 2 5
3
−𝟑. 𝟗𝟕

[ ( )] [ ( )] [( )] 1
𝑥 1
𝑥 log 1 lim
3. lim log 1 12 2 log 1 𝟒 . 𝟓𝟖
𝑥→
1 2 12 2 𝑥→
1
2
log 1
2 12 2
24
2
 Check your Understanding

Evaluate .

SOLUTIONS:

[ ] 1+𝑒 2+1 1+𝑒 3

𝑥 +1
1+𝑒
( )
2
lim − log 2 𝑥
2
− log 2 lim 𝑥 − log 2 ( 4 )
𝑥→2 √2 𝑥 √ 2 ∙2 𝑥→2 2

𝑒3 −3 ( 1+𝑒 3 ) − 4 1+𝑒 3
−2
2 2 2
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