CONFIDENTIAL*

SectionA [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

√9𝑥 2 +2
1. (a) If 𝑓(𝑥 ) = , find
4𝑥+3

𝑙𝑖𝑚
(i) 𝑓 (𝑥 ),
𝑥→∞

𝑙𝑖𝑚
(ii) 𝑓 (𝑥 ). [4 marks]
𝑥 → −∞
}}

(b) Find the set of values of x at which g is defined given

√25−𝑥 2
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = .
𝑥−4

And hence show that g is continuous on those intervals [5 marks]

Working Marks Note

1.(a)
(i)

2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √9𝑥 + 2
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 → ∞ 4𝑥 + 3
1
2
𝑥 √9 + 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑥
=
𝑥 → ∞ 𝑥 (4 + 3)
𝑥
1
3
=
4
(ii) 2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √9𝑥 + 2
𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥 → −∞ 𝑥 → −∞ 4𝑥 + 3
2
𝑙𝑖𝑚 −𝑥√9+𝑥2 1
=
𝑥 → −∞ 𝑥(4+3𝑥)
3
= −
4
1 (4)
{x: -5 ≤ x ≤ 5 and x ≠ 4, x ϵ R } or [-5, 4) U (4, 5]
for a ϵ (-5, 4)
(b) 1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √25−𝑥 2 √25−𝑎2
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = = 𝑎−4 = 𝑔(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 → 𝑎 𝑥−4
CONFIDENTIAL* 2

for a ϵ (4, 5)
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √25−𝑥 2 √25−𝑎2
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = = 𝑎−4 = 𝑔(𝑎)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 → 𝑎 𝑥−4
1 any one
g(x) continuous in (-5, 4) U (4, 5)
At x = -5,
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √25−𝑥 2
+ 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = = 0 = 𝑔(−5) 1
𝑥 → −5 𝑥 → −5+ 𝑥−4

At x = 5,
𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑚 √25−𝑥 2
− 𝑔 (𝑥 ) = = 0 = 𝑔(5)
𝑥→5 𝑥 → 5− 𝑥−4
1 any one
g(x) continuous in [-5, 4) U (4, 5]

1 (5) [9]

2. The curve C has parametric equation 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 + 4𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 .

The tangent to the curve at the point P when t = 2 is denoted by l.

(a) Find the Cartesian equation of l. [3 marks]

(b) The tangent l meet C again at the point Q. Find the coordinates of Q. [4 marks]

2.(a)

𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 1
= 2𝑡 + 4, = 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 3𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
= 1
𝑑𝑥 2𝑡 + 4
1 (3)
when t = 2, m = 2, x = 12, y = 12
(b) 1
equation of l, y- 12 = 2 (x -12); y = 2x - 12
1
𝑡 3 + 𝑡 2 = 2(𝑡 2 + 4𝑡) − 12
𝑡 3 − 𝑡 2 − 8𝑡 + 12 = 0
1, 1 (4)
2
(𝑡 − 2)(𝑡 + 𝑡 − 6) = 0
CONFIDENTIAL* 3
(𝑡 − 2)(𝑡 + 3)(𝑡 − 2) = 0 [7]
t = -3, x = -3, y = -18, coordinates of Q (-3, -18)

3. (a) Find ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥. [2 marks]

𝑥
(b) Find ∫ 𝑑𝑥. [3 marks]
√𝑥−2

3.(a)

1 1 @ substitution
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 )2 2cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 u = sin 2x
1 1 (2)
= 6 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝑥 + 𝑐
(b)
𝑥 𝑥−2+2
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 − 2 √𝑥 − 2 1
2
= ∫ (√𝑥 − 2 + ) 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 − 2 @ substitution
2 3 1 1
= (𝑥 − 2) + 4(𝑥 − 2) + 𝑐
2 2 u=x–2
3
[5]
1 (3)

𝑑𝑦
4. A differential equation is given by 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑃 (𝑥)𝑦 + 𝑄(𝑥 )𝑦 𝑛 .

(a) For P(x) = 4, Q(x) = -4 and n = 3, find the general solution of the differential
equation [4 marks]

1 𝑥
(b) For 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 , 𝑄(𝑥 ) = 1+𝑥 2 and n = 0, by using substitution y = ux, show that the differential
𝑑𝑢 1
equation can be reduced to 𝑑𝑥 = 1+𝑥 2 .

Given that y = 0 when x = 1. Solve the differential equation giving y explicitly in terms of x in
your solution. [5 marks]
4.(a)

𝑑𝑦 1
= 4𝑦 − 4𝑦 3
𝑑𝑥
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 4𝑑𝑥
𝑦(1 − 𝑦)(1 + 𝑦)
1 1 1
∫( + − ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 4𝑑𝑥 1 Partial fraction
𝑦 2(1 − 𝑦 ) 2(1 + 𝑦 )
CONFIDENTIAL* 4
1 1
ln 𝑦 − ln(1 − 𝑦) − ln(1 + 𝑦) = 4𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2
1 integration
𝑦2
ln | | = 8𝑥 + 2𝑐
(1 − 𝑦)(1 + 𝑦)

𝑦2
= 𝐵𝑒 8𝑥
(1 − 𝑦)(1 + 𝑦)

𝑑𝑦 1 𝑥 1 (4) Simplify
= 𝑦+
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

(b) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥; =𝑢+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 both
𝑑𝑢 𝑥
𝑢+𝑥 =𝑢+
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2

𝑑𝑢 1
=
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 2
1
1
𝑢=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝐴
1 + 𝑥2
𝑦
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝐴; 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 𝑥 + 𝐴𝑥
𝑥
𝜋
when x = 1, y = 0 , A = − 4 1
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑥
4 1

1 (5) [9]

𝑑𝑦
5. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛[𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑥 )]. Prove that (1 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 = −(1 + 𝑦 2 ). [2 marks]

Find the Maclaurin’s series for y, up to and including the term in x3. [3 marks]
Hence, find the Maclaurin’s series expension of sec2 [ln (1 - x)] up to and including
the term in x2. [3 marks]

5.
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = ln(1 − 𝑥 ) // 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛[𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑥 )]
CONFIDENTIAL* 5
1 𝑑𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑦 −1 1
= 1−𝑥 // = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 [𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑥 )] [1−𝑥]
1+𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
1 (2)
(1 − 𝑥 ) = − (1 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1 − 𝑥 ) − 𝑑𝑥 = −2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 ; 1 At least 1 diff.
𝑑𝑥 2
correct
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(1 − 𝑥 ) + (2𝑦 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
(1 − 𝑥 ) − 𝑑𝑥 2 + (2𝑦 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 2 + 2 (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 3

𝑑3𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
(1 − 𝑥 ) 3 + (2𝑦 − 2) 2 + 2 ( ) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

x= 0; f(0) =0, f’(0) = -1, f’’(0) = -1, f’’’ (0) = -4

At least 2 correct
1 2 1
𝑦 = −𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 3 + ⋯ All correct
2 3
1 (3)
𝑑𝑦 −𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 [ln(1 − 𝑥 )]
=
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 @ use
1 sec2[ln (1-x)] =
2[
𝑑𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑐 ln(1 − 𝑥 )] = (𝑥 − 1)
𝑑𝑥 1 + tan2[ln (1 – x)]
𝑑 1 2
= (𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 (−𝑥 − 2 𝑥 2 − 3 𝑥 3 + ⋯ ) and subs.
expansion of
= (𝑥 − 1)(−1 − 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + ⋯ ) 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛[𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑥 )]
= 1 + 𝑥2 + ⋯

[8]
1 (3)

6. Sketch the graph of y = 1 x and state its asymptotes.

x2

Sketch the curve y = –x3 on the same diagram. [3 marks]

Hence, state the number of positive roots and the number of negative root for the
equation x4 – 2x3 – x + 1 = 0. [1 mark]
By using the Newton-Raphson method, find the larger positive root, correct to
three decimal places. [3 marks]
CONFIDENTIAL* 6
6 Asymptotes y = -1, x = 2 1 First graph
y
1 2nd graph
y = -x3
1 (3) all correct
x (incl asymp)
-0.5

1 2
-1

y = 1 x
x2

Number of positive roots = 2

Number of negative roots = 0 1 (1) both
let f(x) = x4 – 2x3 – x + 1
f’(x) = 4x3 – 6x2 – 1 1 f’
𝑥0 = 2,
𝑓(2)
𝑥1 = 2 − 𝑓′ (2) = 2.1429 (@ 2.14286)
NR method
𝑓(2.1429)
𝑥2 = 2.1429 − 𝑓′(2.1429) = 2.1185 (@ 2.11854)
1 (incl subs)
𝑥3 = 2.1177 (@ 2.11769) final ans incl.
𝑥3 = 2.1177 (@ 2.11769) stopping criteria

the larger positive root is 2.118 (Correct to 3 decimal places) [7]

1 (3)
CONFIDENTIAL* 7

Section B [15 marks]

Answer any one question in this section.

𝑛
7. (a) (i) Obtain a formula for ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 in terms of n, where n > 0. [5 marks]

∞
(ii) Hence, evaluate ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥. [3 marks]
4𝑥
(b) The region bounded by the curve = , the x-axis and the lines x = 0 and
𝑥 2 +1

x = 1 is rotated through 2π radians about the x-axis. Use the substitution

x = tan θ to show that the volume of the solid obtained is given by
𝜋
16𝜋 ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃, and evaluate this integral exactly. [7 marks]

7.(a)
(i) 1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
1
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = [− 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 ] + ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0 0
𝑛 𝑛
1
1 1 𝑛1
= [− 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 ] + [− 2 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 ] + ∫0 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0 0 2

1 𝑛 1 𝑛 1 𝑛
= [− 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 ] + [− 2 𝑥𝑒 −2𝑥 ] − [4 𝑒 −2𝑥 ] 1
0 0 0
1 1 1 1
= − 2 𝑛2 𝑒 −2𝑛 − 2 𝑛𝑒 −2𝑛 − 4 𝑒 −2𝑛 + 4
1, 1 (5)
∞
(ii) ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
1
𝑙𝑖𝑚 1 1 1 1
= (− 2 𝑛2 𝑒 −2𝑛 − 2 𝑛𝑒 −2𝑛 − 4 𝑒 −2𝑛 ) + 4
𝑛→∞
1
= 1
4

1 (3)

𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = tan 𝜃, = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝜃
𝜋
(b) 𝑥 = 0, 𝜃 = 0; 𝑥 = 1, 𝜃 = 4
2
1 4𝑥 1
Volume of the solid = ∫0 𝜋 (𝑥 2+1) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 2
4 tan 𝜃
= ∫04 𝜋 (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃+1) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 1
CONFIDENTIAL* 8
𝜋
16𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 𝜃
= ∫04 𝜋 (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃
𝜋
= 16𝜋 ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 1
𝜋
1
= 16𝜋 ∫04 2 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)𝑑𝜃
𝜋
1 4
= 8𝜋 [𝜃 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃] 1
0

𝜋 1 𝜋
= 8𝜋 [( 4 − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 ) − 0]

= 2𝜋(𝜋 − 2) 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 3

1
1 (7) [15]

8. (a) Use the trapezium rule with five intervals to estimate the value of
0.5
∫0 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. [6 marks]
1
(b) By expanding (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 in powers of x as far as the term in x4 and integrating term by term,
obtain a second estimate for the value of
0.5
∫0 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. [9 marks]

8.(a)
1
0.5 − 0
𝑑= = 0.1
5

x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

√1 + 𝑥 2 1 1.0050 1.0198 1.0440 1.0770 1.1180 1 ,1

0.5 0.1
∫0 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ≈ [1 + 1.1180 + 2(1.0050 +
2 1,1
1.0198 + 1.0440 + 1.0770)] = 0.52 (correct to 2 dp)

1 1 (6)
let f(x) = (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
(b)
1
CONFIDENTIAL* 9
1 1 1 −1
1 .
f `(x) = 𝑥(1 + 𝑥 2 )−2 // (1 + 𝑥 2 )2 = 1 + 2 𝑥 2 + 22!2 𝑥 4 + ⋯
1
f(x) f ` (x) = x
any other form
2
f(x) f ``(x) + [f `(x)] = 1
any one correct
f(x) f ``` (x) + 3 f `(x) f ``(x) = 0
1, 1
f(x) f ```` (x) + 4f `(x) f ```(x) +3 [f ``(x)] 2 = 0
at least1, all
x = 0, f(0) = 1, f ` (0) = 0, f ``(x) = 1, f ``` (0) = 0, correct
f ```` (0) = -3
1
1 1 all correct
∴ √1 + 𝑥 2 = 1 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 4 + ⋯
2 8
0.5 0.5 1 1 1, 1
∫0 √1 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ≈ ∫0 (1 + 2 𝑥 2 − 8 𝑥 4 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 1 0.5 1 1 1
= [𝑥 + 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 5] = (0.5 + 0.53 − 0.55 ) − 0
6 40 0 6 40
1 (9) [15]
=0.52 (correct to 2 dp)