LASER BEAM WELDING

Prepared by
Rutik Patel
PRN : 8021072651
ME-PART2 (Production Engineering)
Introduction

◦ Laser Beam Welding (LBW) is a welding process, in which

heat is generated by a high energy laser beam targeted on the
workpiece. The laser beam heats and melts the edges of the
workpiece, forming a joint.
◦ The laser welding technique differs from conventional
fusion welding methods in terms of equipment and
operation.
◦ In laser welding, a thin and deep weld pool is achieved and
the applied heat input to the joint is very low compared to
conventional methods.

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Introduction

◦ This property allows the LBW to be used in certain

applications where the welding depth requires a high width.
◦ The penetration depth and welding width can be adjusted by
controlling the laser power, changing the focal position of
the beam, welding speed, distribution mode of energy
transfer, and shielding gas parameters.
◦ This enables the LBW to join and fabricate critical
components with minimum risk.

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Working principle of laser beam welding

◦ The laser beam welding works on the principle that when

the electrons of an atom are excited by receiving some
energy. And then after some time when it returns to its
ground state, it emits a photon of light.
◦ The concentration of this emitted photon is increased by the
excited emission of radiation and we get high energy
focused laser beam. The light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation is named as a laser.

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Working of laser beam welding

◦ Initially, the welding machine is

setup(between the two metal
pieces to join) at the desired
location. Later setup, a high
voltage power supply is applied
to the laser machine to perform
an operation.
◦ The lens is used to focus the laser
into the area where welding is
required. 

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◦ CAM is used to control the speed of the laser and workpiece

table during the welding process.
◦ It starts the machine’s flash lamp and it emits light photons.
◦ The energy of light photons is absorbed by the atoms of
ruby ​crystals and electrons are excited to their higher energy
levels. When they return to their low energy state or ground
state they emit a photon of light.
◦ This light photon again stimulates the electrons of the atom
and produces two photons.

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◦ This process continues and

we get a focused laser beam
that is used on the desired
location for welding multiple
pieces together.
◦ Gas lasers, solid-state lasers,
and fiber lasers are the three
most common lasers used in
a laser welding machine.

Sample of Laser welding

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The use of Processing gas

◦ In laser welding you may be noticed that

the constant companion to the laser
nozzle which is another nozzle that
supplies a gas which is called Process
Gas or Cutting Gas.

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Advantages

1. Ability to join complex joints and high accuracy:

◦ LBW can weld complex joints successfully, especially it can
join dissimilar materials or areas very difficult to reach using
traditional welding techniques.
◦ One of the main advantages of LBW is that it can offer a
high level of accuracy and control, i.e. it can be used to join
the smallest work pieces together without damaging them.

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2. Low heat input:

◦ LBW method uses a low heat input rate that minimizes the
joint distortion
◦ Hence, it is the preferred method for those who wish to
make luxury products such as custom jewelry. 
◦ Laser sources employ tremendously localized energy and
allow non-contact use, which applies lower heat input on the
workpieces. 

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3. Compatibility and replicability

◦ LBW can provide continuous and repeatable component
fabrication. This helps industries to reduce their manufacturing
costs significantly.
◦ LBW is far more quickly and much more versatile than the
conventional methods.
4. High strength joints
◦ Since the heat input rate is significantly lower than the
conventional methods, the heat affected zone (HAZ) of laser-
welded joints is very small that allowing manufacturers to
perform high-strength welds.
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5. Appearance, precision, and cleanliness

◦ Since there is no need for filler metals in LBW, it provides
an excellent welding quality and clean processing, so that it
gains attention especially in the medical engineering
industry where the quality of medical devices and
components is very important.

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Limitations

Although LBW can be an amazing technology, it also

has minor limitations.
◦ The initial cost is high. The equipment applied in LBW has
a high cost.
◦ The maintenance cost of LBM is high.
◦ Due to the rapid cooling, fractures can occur in some metals.
◦ High skilled labours are required to perform LBW.

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Application

◦ It is prominent in the automotive industry. So, It is used in

the area where large volume production is required.
◦ It is employed for high precision welds. As it does not use
any electrode, the final weld will be light but strong.
◦ The laser welding is also frequently used in making of
jewellery.
◦ However, laser beam welding is used in medical industries
to hold metals together on a small scale.

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Thank you

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