SEMINAR ON

GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT

BY
RAO ARYANKUMAR

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
MPUAT, UDAIPUR -313001
 OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTIONS
 PLANT LAYOUT
 MAIN COMPONENTS
 GAS TURBINE WORKING PRINCIPLE AND METHODS
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 CASE STUDY : GAS BASED POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
 SUMMARY
 INTRODUCTION
• A GAS TURBINE IS A POWER PLANT ENGINE THAT CAN USE NATURAL GAS OR
OTHER LIQUIDS AS FUEL TO TURN MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICITY.
• THE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT IS A THERMAL POWER STATION THAT
CREATES ELECTRICITY BY USING A TURBINE TO DRIVE AN ELECTRICAL
GENERATOR OR MOTOR.
• IT CONSISTS OF A GAS-FIRED COMBUSTION TURBINE, HEAT RECOVERY
STEAM GENERATOR, AND ONE OR MORE ELECTRIC GENERATORS DRIVEN BY
A GEARBOX MOUNTED ON ITS SHAFT.
• GAS TURBINE POWER PLANTS USE GAS TURBINES AS THEIR PRIME MOVER
TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. THESE UNITS COME IN VARIOUS SIZES RANGING
UP TO 300 MW PLANTS.
• THE ENTIRE UNIT SITS IN ITS BUILDING OR ENCLOSURE CALLED A NACELLE,
WHICH CAN OPEN OR CLOSE DEPENDING ON ITS USE AND CONFIGURATION.
OPEN AND CLOSED CYCLE POWER PLANT
LAYOUT
• AS WE KNOW GAS POWER PLANTS WORKS ON THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE, USING A
SERIES OR COMBINATION OF PROCESSES TO TRANSFORM ENERGY HENCE
EXTRACTING THE EXCESS ENERGY IN THE PROCESS WHICH IS CALLED THE NET
WORK.

• A GAS POWER CYCLE CAN EITHER BE AN OPEN CYCLE OR A CLOSED CYCLE.

• IN A CLOSE CYCLE, THE WORKING FLUID IS RETURNED TO THE INITIAL STATE AT

THE END OF THE CYCLE AND IS RECIRCULATED WHILE IN THE OPEN CYCLE, THE
WORKING FLUID IS RENEWED AT THE END OF EACH CYCLES INSTEAD OF BEING
RECIRCULATED.

• THE GAS POWER PLANT IS SIMPLY A MACHINE THAT CONSIST OF A COMPRESSOR

AND A TURBINE CONNECTED TOGETHER WITH A SINGLE SHAFT, HENCE AN
INTERMEDIATE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IN BETWEEN FLUID DUCTS CONNECTING
THE COMPRESSOR AND TURBINE.
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF GAS POWER PLANT

• COMPRESSOR: THE COMPRESSOR USED IN THE PLANT IS GENERALLY OF ROTATORY TYPE. THE AIR
AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS DRAWN BY THE COMPRESSOR VIA THE FILTER WHICH REMOVES THE
DUST FROM THE AIR. THE ROTATORY BLADES OF THE COMPRESSOR PUSH THE AIR BETWEEN
STATIONARY BLADES TO RAISE ITS PRESSURE. THUS AIR AT HIGH PRESSURE IS AVAILABLE AT THE
OUTPUT OF THE COMPRESSOR.

• THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER: IT IS AN ENCLOSED SPACE OR REGION IN WHICH

COMBUSTION TAKES PLACE, ESPECIALLY IN AN ENGINE BUT IN THIS CASE IT IS LIKE A
FURNACE. THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER IS LOCATED IN BETWEEN THE COMPRESSOR AND THE
TURBINE.

• THE TURBINE: THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION CONSISTING OF A MIXTURE OF GASES

AT HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ARE PASSED TO THE GAS TURBINE.THESE GASES
IN PASSING OVER THE TURBINE BLADES EXPAND AND THUS DO THE MECHANICAL
WORK. THE TEMPERATURE OF THE EXHAUST GASES FROM THE TURBINE IS ABOUT 900F
• ALTERNATOR: THE GAS TURBINE IS COUPLED TO THE ALTERNATOR AS SEEN IN THE GAS
TURBINE PLANT LAYOUT. THE ALTERNATOR CONVERTS MECHANICAL ENERGY OF THE
TURBINE INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY. THE OUTPUT FROM THE ALTERNATOR IS GIVEN TO
THE BUS-BARS THROUGH THE TRANSFORMER, CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND ISOLATORS.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF GAS TURBINE
• A GAS TURBINE ENGINE DRAWS POWER BY BURNING FUEL IN A COMBUSTOR
AND DRIVING THE TURBINE WITH RAPIDLY FLOWING COMBUSTION GAS. IT IS
MUCH LIKE HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM DRIVES A STEAM TURBINE

• A SIMPLE GAS TURBINE CONSISTS OF THREE MAIN SECTIONS: COMPRESSOR,

COMBUSTOR, AND POWER TURBINE

• GAS TURBINES OPERATE ON THE PRINCIPLE OF THE BRAYTON CYCLE, WHICH

MIXES COMPRESSED AIR WITH FUEL AND BURNS IT UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE
CONDITIONS.THE RESULTING HOT GAS EXPANDS THROUGH THE TURBINE TO DO
ITS JOB.

• MAIN STEPS :
• AIR IS DRAWN INTO AN AIR INLET AND COMPRESSED BY A COMPRESSOR.
• FUEL IS THEN ADDED TO THE COMPRESSED AIR IN THE COMBUSTOR,
MIXING WITH FUEL AND IGNITING.
• THE BURNING GASES EXPAND THROUGH A POWER TURBINE WHICH DRIVES
ONE OR MORE GENERATORS TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY.
• THE EXHAUST GASES EXIT THE TURBINE THROUGH AN EXHAUST SYSTEM.
• GAS TURBINES HEAT A MIXTURE OF FUEL AND AIR TO A VERY HIGH
TEMPERATURE, ROTATING TURBINE BLADES TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY. A
ROTATING TURBINE DRIVES A GENERATOR THAT CONVERTS ENERGY INTO
ELECTRICITY. THE GAS TURBINE CAN EFFICIENTLY GENERATE ELECTRICITY IN
COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS WITH STEAM TURBINES.

• THE AIR-FUEL MIXTURE IGNITES:

• HOT GAS SPINS TURBINE BLADES:

• ROTATING BLADES ROTATE THE DRIVE SHAFT

• THE ROTATION OF THE TURBINE DRIVES THE GENERATOR.

• GENERATOR MAGNETS MOVE ELECTRONS TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY.

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES :
• IT IS SIMPLE IN DESIGN AND SMALLER IN DESIGN AS COMPARED TO STEAM
POWER STATION

• THE INITIAL AND OPERATING COSTS ARE MUCH LOWER

• IT REQUIRES COMPARATIVELY LESS WATER

• THE MAINTENANCE CHARGES ARE QUITE SMALL.

• THERE ARE NO STANDBY LOSSES

DISADVANTAGES
• THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH STARTING THE UNIT.

• THE NET OUTPUT IS LOW

• THE OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF SUCH PLANTS IS LOW

• LOW LIFE SPAN

 CASE STUDY : “GAS BASED POWER GENERATION
IN INDIA”
• INDIA’S POWER GENERATION MIX IS CONSIDERABLY INCLINED TOWARDS COAL BASED
POWER GENERATION. CURRENT CAPACITY ADDITION AND NEW ESTABLISHMENTS SHOW
INCREASED SHARE OF COAL IN THE INDIAN ENERGY SECTOR.
• AS THE COAL RESERVES ARE LIMITED TO THEIR NATURAL AVAILABILITY AND ALSO DUE
TO THE STRINGENT ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE, EXPANSION OF COAL MINING IS
LIMITED IN INDIA.
• IT IS PREDICTED THAT THE INDIAN COAL SECTOR WILL FACE SUBSTANTIAL SHORTFALL IN
THE QUANTUM OF COAL PRODUCTION THAT IS LIKELY TO CONTINUE IN FUTURE.
• NATURAL GAS IS A CLEAN FUEL AS COMPARED TO COAL AND CAN BE EFFICIENTLY USED
IN POWER GENERATION.
• AS THE DOMESTIC COAL SUPPLY IS GENERALLY OF LOW QUALITY WITH LOW CALORIFIC
VALUES, HIGH DEGREE OF ASH CONTENT AND ITS ADVERSE IMPACTS TO THE
ENVIRONMENT, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ENCOURAGE GAS BASED POWER GENERATION IN
INDIA.
• THE USE OF GAS IN POWER-GENERATION WAS INITIALLY PROMOTED BY THE
GOVERNMENT PRIMARILY WITH A VIEW TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS.
CURRENT SCENARIO IN INDIA :
• PETROLEUM AND GAS HAVE EMERGED AS THE MOST DYNAMIC ENERGY SECTORS
IN INDIA. THE WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK (WEO) 2002 PROJECTS THE SHARE OF GAS
IN INDIAN TPES TO REACH 13% IN 2030, EQUIVALENT TO 97 BCM/Y (AS COMPARED
TO 7 % OF INDIA’S ENERGY MIX IN YEAR 2000, EQUIVALENT TO A CONSUMPTION OF
22 BCM/Y). KNOW MORE ABOUT INDIAN ELECTRICITY SCENARIO 

• PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GAS IS AT PRESENT AT THE LEVEL OF AROUND 132.83

MILLION METRIC STANDARD CUBIC METERS PER DAY (MMSCMD).

• THE MAIN PRODUCERS OF NATURAL GAS ARE OIL & NATURAL GAS CORPORATION
LTD. (ONGC), OIL INDIA LIMITED (OIL), JVS OF TAPTI, PANNA-MUKTA AND RAVVA
AND RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED (RIL) WHICH HAS DISCOVERED GAS IN THE
KRISHNA GODAVARI BASIN AT ITS KG D6 BLOCK IN THE EAST COST OF ANDHRA
PRADESH. OUT OF THE TOTAL DOMESTIC PRODUCTION OF 132.83 MMSCMD OF GAS
ABOUT 43% IS PRODUCED BY RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LTD. (AS OF DECEMBER 2009)
AND APPROXIMATELY 57% OF THE GAS IS PRODUCED BY OTHERS. 

• AS ON JUNE 30, 2011, AND AS PER THE CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY THE
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY OF GAS BASED POWER PLANTS IN INDIA IS 17,706.35
MW. THIS ACCOUNTS FOR 10% OF THE TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY. HERE IS A LIST
OF SOME PRESENT IN OPERATION PLANTS.
 GAS POWER PLANTS IN INDIA :
Power station Operator State (location) Installed Capacity
  IPGCL NCT Delhi 270.00
IPGCL Gas Turbine Power Station
IPGCL
Pragati Gas Power Station PPCL NCT Delhi 330.40
Pampore Gas Turbine Station I J&K Govt Jammu & Kashmir 75.00
Pampore Gas Turbine Station II J&K Govt Jammu & Kashmir 100.00
Ramgarh Gas Thermal RVUNL   413.00
Power Station
Rajasthan
Dhuvaran Gas Based CCPP-I GSECL Gujarat 106.62
Utran Gas Turbine Power Mahagenco Maharashtra 672.00
Station
Goa Gas Power Station RSPCL GOA 480.00
Basin Bridge Gas Turbine Power TNEB Tamil Nadu 120.00
Station
Thirumakottai Gas Turbine Power TNEB Tamil Nadu 108.88
Station
Kuttalam Gas Turbine Power TNEB Tamil Nadu 101.00
Station
Karaikal Gas Turbine Power TNEB Tamil Nadu 95.10
Station
Dholpur Combined Cycle RVUNL Rajasthan 330.00
Power Station
National Capital TPP NTPC Uttar Pradesh  
Essar Combined Cycle Power Plant ESSAR Gujarat 515.00

Lanco Kondapalli Power Plant- I Lanco Andhra Pradesh 368.13

Lanco
Samarlakota Combined Cycle Reliance Andhra Pradesh 220.00
Power Plant
• TOTAL POWER GENERATION : COUNTING NUMEROUS OTHER SMALL GAS POWER
PLANTS AND OTHER GAS FIRED COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTS PRODUCES TOTAL
ENERGY OF 13711.27 MW.

• INDIA’S RISING DEPENDENCE ON NATURAL GAS CAN BE SEEN IN FIGURE

BELOW
CONCLUSION :
• GIVEN LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF COAL FOR POWER GENERATION DUE TO ITS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES, QUALITY AND SUPPLY CONSTRAINTS, GAS WILL
PLAY AN INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT ROLE IN INDIA’S POWER SECTOR. WHILE IT IS
TRUE THAT INDIA IS NOT A BIG PRODUCER OF NATURAL GAS BUT NEW
INTERNATIONAL IMPORT POLICIES/TREATIES WITH SOME GULF COUNTRIES AND
DOMESTIC EXPLORATIONS CAN BRING SOME HOPE FOR THE INDIAN ENERGY SECTOR.
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
THANK
YOU