DEF :it is the recognition of

living , dead or collection of bones

I-IDENTIFICATION OF LIVING
required in the following civil conditions:
 1-Unconsciousness
 2-Amnesia
 3-unkown persons- lost
 4-Marriage
 5-Inheritance
 6-militiry services- emigrations
Criminal cases
 1-criminals who impersonate others‫انتخا ل‬
‫ش خصية‬
 2-Offenders below 18 having no official

records of age juvenile court

 ‫ سنة هيدخل دار رعاية وال هيدخل السجن‬١٨ ‫طفل حدث أقل من‬
 THE MIAN POINTS
 1-GENERAL features
 2-

GAIT,VOICE,ACCENT ,LANGUAGE,MENTALIT
Y,EDUCATION,HANDWRITING
 3-CLOTHING (police responsibility)
 4-CHARACTERISTIC MARKS ‫ت اتو او وحمة ك بيرة‬

‫أو حد عنده أتب‬

 5- PRINTS
 6-PHOTOGRAPHY
 7-Anthropometry genetic bank
 ‫ دول عبارة عن ال‬٥ ‫ و‬٤ ‫ و‬٢ biometrics ‫في عين شمس‬
 II-IDENTIFICATION OF DEAD
1-RECENTLY AND UNMUTILATED ‫معندوش‬
‫ت شوهات‬CORPSE
General appearance as living except (G-V-
M-HR)
2-RECENTLY DEAD BUT BADLY DAMAGED
 SEARCH FOR REMENANT OF:
 CLOTHES,JEWELS,SCARS,TATTOO,PHYSICAL

DEFORMITIES & DENTAL INV

 Skeletal remains3
 1-HUMAN OR NOT?
 2-BELONG TO ONE PERSON OR MORE??
 3-AGE? If one person.
 4-SEX?
 5-RACE?
 6-STATURE?
 7-DEFORMITY?
 8-CAUSE OF DEATH?
 9-TIME PASSED SINCE DEATH?
 10-OTHERS?
1-HUMAN OR NOT?

 General anatomic feature of human bones

 ( flat – long )
 Human vs. Non-human

 Easy identifications
Human vs. Non-human

‫ حيوان‬On the left: human on the right

precipitin test Do
Human vs. Non-human

Human versus raccoon 

 Precipitin test ( human
antigen and anti-human
antibody reaction in
rabbit )
11
2-BELONG TO ONE PERSON OR MORE??

 Repetion of the single bone 2 skulls

 Two right clavicle
 Bones of different ages
 Bones of different sizes
 Asymmetrical bones
 Skull
AGE -3
 (Dimensions – Fontanels-sutures- Mandible –
Dentition )
 Long bones
 Ossific centers ‫💃مشمع انا‬
 sternum: if manibrium sterni attached to the

body➡️60 yr
 If xiphi sternum attached to the body➡️40 yr
 We can detect sex from sternum: if body

doubles manibilum: male but if equal then

female‫ و ك مانب يبقى‬smooth and broder to enable
pregnancy
 Hayoid bone: if lesser horn prese nt ➡️30yr
 If greater horn present➡️50 yr
 ‫اآلتي‬
‫المهم هنا هو‬
 Occipitomental

= 13.5cm
 Occipitofrontal

12cm
 Fontannels: ant.

Close qt 18 mo
(one finger every
6 mo) but post.
Closes at birth if
open ➡️preterm
 Sutures
 Frontal )metopic(at 3 years
except in negroid 30 years
Sagittal 30 years 
Coronal 40 
Lambdoid 50 
All sutures united at 70 
except between parietal and
temporal closes in extreme
old
 ‫ حاجات بيحصلوا في‬٣ ‫ناخد بالنا في‬
٢٣ ‫سن‬
1. Basioccipital
basisphenoidal 23
‫ بتنتهي‬adult ‫األسنان بتاعت ال‬
‫خالص بتطلع كلها‬
2. Iliac crest
3. Strenal end of the
clavicle fuse with th
shaft at 23 yr
‫‪Dentition‬‬
‫ق ا لتهم ب ا لحرف‬
Mandible
Age -2
from long
bones
Age from upper limb examination
 1)At the wrist and shoulder joint (lower ends of
radius and ulna and head of the humerus)19-20
years.
 2) At the elbow region: trochlea and capitulum (14
years)-trochlea and capitulum + lower end of the
humerus (15years)
 3)Lat.epicondyle and head of ulna(17 years).
 4)Med epicondyles and the head of the radius
(18years)
 5)Metacarpals and phalanges (16 y in females and
18 years in males).
? What is the age
 >19 years (united
head of humerus)
? What is the age
 <19 (not united head of
humerus with the body)
? What is the age

y (completely developed elbow) 17> 

More
than
18 yrs
Less
than
18 yr
 Age from lower limb
examination
 1) Lesser trochanter (16y)-----Greater
trochanter (17y) ------ Head of the femur (18y).
 2) Lower end of the femur + shaft (21y).
 3) Upper end of the tibia +shaft (21y).
 4) Lower end of the tibia +shaft (18 y).
Knee
joint less
than 21
in male
and 19 in
female
What are the ages ? Ankle lower end
of tibia and fibiula
More than 18 

Less than 18 
 Hip bone

Two pubic rami of the

hip (6y)
Suture at the
acetabulum (15y).
Ischeal tuberosity
with the ischium
(21y).
Iliac crest with the
ilium (23y).
 Medico legal importance of AGE
 School 6
 Illegal work for children 6
 ID 16
 Car lisence 18
 Voting in election 18
 Full civil rights 21 knee joint
 Marriage 18 and male 21
 Criminal responsibility 18
 Member in people assembly 30
 Age of president 40
 Rape 18
Sex
More
than
20
Less than 21
More than 18
More
than 17