PRESENTED BY

SRI. K.RAMANI
DATE: 08-04-2005
TIME : 12:30 PM 1
FUZZY LOGIC HAS NOW
BECOME AN IMPORTANT TOOL
FOR DEVELOPING
SOPHISTICATED CONTROL
SYSTEMS.

FUZZY LOGIC RESEMBLES

HUMAN DECISION MAKING. 2
IN GENERATING NEARLY
PERFECT SOLUTIONS FROM
SOME VAGUE, UN PRECISE
INFORMATION.

3
AS THE COMPLEXITY OF SYSTEMS
INCREASE IT BECOMES MORE &
MORE DIFFICULT AND ULTIMATELY
IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE PRECISE
STATEMENT ABOUT ITS BEHAVIOR
USING CONVENTIONAL SCIENCE.
4
EVENTUALLY AT ONE POINT OF
COMPLEXITY, THE “FUZZY
LOGIC” METHOD BUILT IN
HUMANS IS THE BETTER WAY
OF GETTING AT THE PROBLEM.
5
FUZZY LOGIC WAS ORIGINALLY
IDENTIFIED AND SET FORTH BY
DR.LOFTI. A. ZADEH, PHD.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA,
BERKELEY, USA.
6
FUZZY LOGIC DOES NOT LIMIT ITS USE TO CONTROL OF
PHYSICAL SYSTEMS ONLY. FUZZY LOGIC CAN BE
APPLIED TO
1. ECONOMICS
2. MARKETING
3. PSYCHOLOGY
4. BIOLOGY
5. WEATHER FORECAST
6. POLITICS
7. COOKING
8. AUTOMOBILES AND SO ON & SO FORTH
ITS APPLICATION IS UNLIMITED.
7
FUZZY LOGIC IS NOT THE
WAVE OF FUTURE IT IS THE
WAVE OF PRESENT.

PRESENT MARKET IS IN
HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF
US $ 8
 SOME COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

 SELF FOCUSING CAMERAS

 WASHING MACHINES ADJUSTING

ACCORDING TO QTY & DIRT IN CLOTHS

 AUTOMOBILE ENGINE CONTROLS

 ANTI LOCK BREAKING SYSTEMS

 COLOR FILM DEVELOPING SYSTEM

 SUBWAY CONTROL SYSTEMS

 STOCK EXCHANGE AND SO ON 9

FUZZY LOGIC ANALYSIS & CONTROL

A). YOU ARE ON A HIGHWAY DRIVING A CAR

IN TRAFFIC
B). SPEED LIMIT IS 60 KM/HR
C). IT IS SAFE TO DRIVE WITH THE TRAFFIC
D). THAT IS, SPEED IS VEAY NEAR 60 KM/HR

NOW, HOW DO YOU DEFINE “DRIVING WITH

THE TRAFFIC”? THIS IS VERY DIFFICULT TO
EXPLAIN. 10
IN THE ABOVE CASE

SOME DRIVERS WILL DRIVE AT >60

KM/HR

SOME DRIVERS WILL DRIVE AT <60

KM/HR
11
DRIVERS DO THIS BY EXERCISING “FUZZY LOGIC”, BY
RECEIVING LARGE NO OF FUZZY INPUTS LIKE
1. HOW MANY CARS ARE IN FRONT
2. HOW FAST ARE THEY DRIVING
3. ANY LORRY OCCUPIES ANY LANE
4. ANYBODY DRIVING SLOW AHEAD OF YOU
5. ANY VEHICLE ENTERING FROM ANY SIDE ROAD
6. IS THERE ANY POLICEMAN TO WATCH IF SPEED
LIMIT IS EXCEEDED
7. AND IF POLICE IS PRESENT, NORMALLY HOW
MANY KILOMETERS THEY ALLOW ABOVE SPEED
LIMIT
12
8. WHAT DO YOU SEE IN YOUR REAR VIEW MIRROR
THESE INPUTS AND MUCH MORE LIKE THESE
ARE EVALUATED IN THE HUMAN BRAIN

THEY ARE SUMMARIZED

WEIGHTED

AVERAGED

AND FINALLY AN OPTIMUM SOLUTION IS

YIELDED 13
IT IS AMAZING TO THINK THAT SUPPOSING
THERE ARE 1000 CARS IN THE TRAFFIC ALL
1000 DRIVERS HAVE TO THINK SIMILARLY
AS ABOVE TO BE IN THE TRAFFIC STREAM.

OTHERWISE TRAFFIC CANNOT FLOW.

14
 INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY THEORY
STANDARD (BOOLEON) LOGIC
OBJECTS BELONG TO A SET FULLY OR NOT AT ALL

COOL COOL
100 100
PERCENTAGE
MEMBERSHIP

50 50

0
C 30
o 50 70 50 70
NON FUZZY SET FUZZY SET
AIR TEMPERATURE 15
 FUZZY SET
OBJECTS BELONG TO A FUZZY SET ONLY TO SOME
EXTENT AND TO THE COMPLEMENT TO SOME EXTENT,
AND THE SUM OF THEIR MEMBERSHIP IS UNITY OR
100%.

NOT COOL COOL NOT COOL

100%

0.6

0.6+0.4=1

50%
0.4

0 50 60 64 70
o
C16
 APPLICATION FUZZY LOGIC

LET US CONSIDER A SYSTEM WHERE IN THE

PROCESS MATERIAL IS HEATED BY STEAM.

THE TEMPERATURE IS CONTROLLED BY

OPERATING A CONTROL VALVE IN STEAM

LINE.
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FOR FUZZY CONTROL THERE ARE 3 STAGES

1. INPUT FUZZIFICATION

2. INFERENCE

3. DE FUZZIFICATION

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 INPUT FUZZIFICATION

FOR EXAMPLE

INPUT 1 IS PROCESS TEMPERATURE

INPUT 2 IS RATE OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURE

19
WE CAN CATEGORIZE INPUTS IN TO VARIOUS FUZZY
SETS
TEMPERATURE INPUT
FB NB SP NA FA

80 90 110 120
100
FB – FAR BELOW SET POINT NA – NEAR ABOVE SET POINT

NB – NEAR BELOW SET POINT FA – FAR ABOVE SET POINT

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SP – AT SET POINT
RATE INPUT
FD SD NC SI FI

-2 SEC -1 SEC 0 +1 SEC +2 SEC

FD – FAST DECREASE SI – SLOW INCREASE

SD – SLOW DECREASE FI – FAST INCREASE

NC – NO CHANGE 21
OUTPUT

100% 50% 0% 50% 100%

DECREASE INCREASE

22
 RULES

RULES ARE FORMED WITH THE HELP OF

OPERATION KNOWLEDGE OF OPERATOR.
LIKE, IF TEMPERATURE IS FOR ABOVE
SET POINT AND TEMPERATURE IS FAST
INCREASE THEN REDUCE HEAT 100%.

IF AT SET POINT AND NO TEMPERATURE

CHANGE THEN NO CHANGE IN OUTPUT. 23
FOR VARIOUS OPERATING CONDITIONS
TEMPERATURE AND RATE INPUTS ARE
MAPPED ON THE RESPECTIVE MAPS AND
THEIR LOGICAL SUMS ARE DERIVED.

THESE LOGICAL SUMS ARE MAPPED ON

TO THE OUTPUT FUZZY MAP.

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 DE FUZZIFICATION

FROM THE MAPPED FUZZY OUTPUT “CRISP”

OUTPUT IS OBTAINED BY NORMALLY ONE
OF THE FOLLOWING METHOD.

a) CENTROID METHOD

• WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD

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DE FUZZIFIED OUTPUT IS APPLIED TO THE

CONTROL ELEMENT DIRECTLY OR AFTER

COMPUTATION WITH CONVENTIONAL

PID CONTROLLER OUTPUT.

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TYPICAL ADVANTAGES OF USING FUZZY LOGIC
1. FUZZY CONTROL IS BETTER THAN PID IN THE
FOLLOWING

A). REDUCING OVER SHOOTS / UNDER SHOOTS

B). HAS SMALLER SETTLING TIME

2. FUZZY IS BETTER SUITED IN APPLICATIONS WHICH

ARE COMPLEX IN NATURE AND NO EASY MODELING
IS POSSIBLE.

3. FUZZY IS MORE EFFECTIVE WHEN PROCESS IS FAR

AWAY FROM SET POINT.
27
 CONCLUSION
APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC IS
UNLIMITED. WHILE WORKING OUT FUZZY
LOGIC UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS IS
VERY ESSENTIAL. ALSO INVALUABLE
HUMAN OPERATION EXPERIENCE SHOULD
BE PROPERLY BLENDED TO CREATE
EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM.
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