COMPUTER HOLIDAY

HOMEWORK
BASIC NETW O R K I N G
CON C E P T S
TH B
BY:- A NA NYA M 8
WHAT IS NETWORKING?
• A COMPUTER NETWORK CAN BE
DEFINED AS A GROUP OF COMPUTERS
AND OTHER PERIPHERAL DEVICES
THAT ARE LINKED TOGETHER FOR
THE PURPOSE OF SHARING DATA AND
HARDWARE RESOURCES.
NETWORKING COMPONENTS
 NETWORK CARD
• A NETWORK CARD IS USED TO
PHYSICALLY ATTACH A
COMPUTER TO A NETWORK SO
THAT IT CAN PARTICIPATE IN
NETWORK COMMUNICATION.

• ETHERNET NETWORK CARD IS

Network card THE MOST COMMONLY USED
NETWORK CARD.
NETWORKING CABLE
Networking cables are networking hardware used to connect
one network device to other network devices or to connect
two or more computers to share printers, scanners etc. 

Modern Ethernet networks Use twisted pair cable containing

8 wires. These wires are arranged in a special order and an
RJ-45 connector is crimped at both the ends of the cable.
MODEM
• A modern enables you to connect your
computer to the available internet
connection over the existing telephone
lines. it converts the digital signals of a
computer into analog signals to enable
their transmission via phone lines.
• It comes as a separate part that can
be installed on the peripheral
component interconnect (pci) slots
found on the motherboard.
 HUB on n ect
t h a t is u s e d to c
twork device
• A H U B is a n e
ne t w o r k w it h e a c h o t h er.
all the computers in a
a r e q u e s t in a n e t w ork, it
uter sends
• W h e n a c o m p
h ub by th e c a b le . T h e h u b t h en
is f ir st s e n t to t h e
all t h e o t h e r c o m p u ters
st to
transmits that reque e m e ssage
ch e c k w h e t h e r t h
in the network which m e s sa ge is
n o t, if no t, t h e n t h e
b e lo n g s t o t h e m or
e ss is c a ll e d b r o a d c asting.
dropped. This proc
 SWITCH
A switch works similar to a
hub. However, unlike a hub,
that switch does not broadcast
the message on the entire
network, it transmits the
message from the source
computer to the destination
computer only by using the
physical address.
 THIS WAY THE SWITCH PROVIDES A
DIRECT CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
SOURCE AND DESTINATION. AS A RESULT,
THE SPEED OF NETWORK INCREASES.
ROUTER
• A router is a device that connects two
different types of networks with each
other.
• Apart from transmitting the messages on
the network from a source computer to
the destination computer, a router also
provides the best suitable route to
deliver the message. It, therefore, helps
to decrease the time of transmitting the
message.
 TYPES OF
NET WOR KS
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
(PAN)
• PAN is a computer network that is mainly
created for an individual person. it is used
for communication among devices such as
laptops, mobile phones, etc.
• Personal Area Networks can either be
wired or wireless. it generally covers a
range of less than 10 meters. you can use
these networks to transfer the files,
including mails. digital photos etc.
LOCAL AREA
NETWORK (LAN)
• In local area networks, two or
more computers, and peripheral
devices are connected within a
small area such as room, office
building or campus

• In LAN, computer terminals are

physically connected with wires.
 TR A N S M IS S IO N S P E E D I N
THE DATA , I T I S
LAN IS V E R Y F A S T .SI N C E
IN A S M A L L A R E A , I T C A N
OPERATED
BE CONTROLLED AND
IS T R AT E D B Y A S I N G L E
AD M I N
N O R A N O R G A N IZ A T I O N .
PERSO
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
(MAN)
• MAN is a larger network than LAN and spread across a
city. since it covers an entire city, it is called
metropolitan. the most common example of is the city
cable network or branches of local bank in a city.
WIDE AREA NETWORK
(WAN)
• This kind of network connects two
or more computers located at
distinct places. they are linked by
communication facilities, like
telecommunication or satellite
signals, the main characteristic of
WAN is that it requires a public
telecommunication media to transfer
data.
THE COMMON EXAMPLES OF WAN
ARE:-

ATM FACILITY
INTERNET
NATIONAL AND MULTINATIONAL BANK CUSTOMER SERVICES.
 B Y : - A N A NY A M
TH
8 B
DONE