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Solar Geometry

Lecture #7

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 1

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Learning Objective and Outcome sheet
Topic Solar geometry
 Sun position and movement of the earth around the sun
Learning Objectives  Standard time and local time
 Angles associated with the solar geometry and plane

 Equation of time
Learning Outcome  Sun path in cylindrical coordinate and polar coordinate
 Analysis of shading
7.1 Calculate the date and time when the air mass at Mumbai (Latitude : 18oN, Longitude:
72oE) is maximum solar radiation. Given, Std. Longitude for India: 82.5 oE.

Problem/Assignment 7.2 You plan to install a solar energy converter on the equator. There is a hill (180 m high and
0.95 km wide) on the east side at a distance 1 km from the site of the installation. Estimate the
energy loss in percent due to obstruction Write down the assumption adopted for estimation

Learning Resources
This lecture enables learner to understand the relative motion of the
Summary
sun around the earth to determine the incident radiation on any plane.

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 2

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Geographical coordinates DESE

 : Latitude

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 3

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04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 4

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Rotation of earth DESE

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 5

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Rotation of earth DESE

Sunrise

Noon

Sunset

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 6

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DESE

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 7

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Latitude angle DESE

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 8

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Geographical coordinates DESE


-ve +ve

 : Longitude angle

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 9

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Sun path in cylindrical coordinate DESE

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 10

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Sun path in polar coordinate DESE

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 11

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Tilt surface DESE

N
 = Tilt angle


W E

s
 s =Surface azimuth angle
S
04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 12
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Sun positions DESE

N
z  z= Zenith angle

W E
  =Azimuth angle
90   z = Altitude angle
S
04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 13
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Sun positions DESE

N
z  z= Zenith angle
 
 = Tilt angle
W E
s

 =Azimuth angle
 s =Surface azimuth angle
S
04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 14
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Angle betwn tilted surface & sun ray DESE

cos  sin  sin  cos   cos  cos  s cos  sin  

 cos  cos  cos  cos   sin  cos  s sin  
 cos  sin  sin  s sin 

Zenith angle (z) is given by

cos  z  sin  sin   cos  cos  cos 

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 15

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Angle betwn tilted surface & sun ray DESE

cos  sin  sin  cos   cos  cos  s cos  sin  

 cos  cos  cos  cos   sin  cos  s sin  
 cos  sin  sin  s sin 

Azimuth angle () is given by

sin  cos  cos   cos  sin 

cos  
sin  z

04/08/2011 EN 601: Lecture 7: Solar Geometry Slide 16